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Please correct my project, then comeout with PowerPoint Nursing in Acute Rehabilitation Hospital The demand for rehabilitation nursing has surged due to increasing chronic diseases, aging populations, and post-acute care needs following trauma or surgery. Rehabilitation as defined by World Health Organization (WHO) “is a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment”, (2024). Acute Rehabilitation Hospitals (ACHs) play a critical role in the healthcare continuum, bridging the gap between acute care and a patient’s return to independence or alternative care settings. Rehabilitation aims to help patients regain independence and self-determination within their individual abilities (WHO, 2024). These settings are characterized by a multi-disciplinary approach to patient care, where healthcare professionals from different specialties collaborate to deliver holistic treatment plans tailored to individual needs (Gutenbrunner et al., 2021). This paper will provide a comprehensive overview of what to expect in an acute rehabilitation hospital, the role of nursing in patient recovery, and the crucial steps involved in patient discharge. Teaching/ Learning Need During my clinical rotation at PAM Rehabilitation Hospital, I realized the essential role that nurses play in the recovery process of patients. For a nurse to be successful in this setting, the nurse must possess a strong understanding of the multidisciplinary approach that underpins rehabilitation care. As Gutenbrunner et al. (2021) suggest, to deliver high-quality care and to ensure that rehabilitation meets the needs of people and achieve optimum health outcomes, it is essential to strengthen nursing in rehabilitation. Recognizing the specialized role nurses play in rehabilitation can enhance patient outcomes, promote faster recoveries, and reduce readmissions. However, I also came to realize that novice nurses and student nurses that go into ARH do not know beforehand what to expect nor what is expected from them. I then discuss the topic with my clinical instructor Dr. Huun who agree with me that it will be essential for novice nurses and nursing students to understand the ARH environment. With this analysis drawn, contemporary research was done to provide a comprehensive overview of nursing in ARHs, addressing what these facilities look like, interdisciplinary team involve, the services offered, typical patient situations, and common issue encounter, admission criteria, length of stay, discharge determinants, and post-discharge destinations. The complexity of rehabilitation care, as noted by Guo et al. (2025), requires detailed knowledge about when patients are ready to leave the hospital and how to effectively coordinate post-discharge services. By equipping students with this knowledge, they can enter these settings prepared to work collaboratively and effectively with other healthcare providers to ensure high-quality patient care. Scientific Literature: What an Acute Rehabilitation Hospital Looks Like Physically, PAM rehab resembles a hybrid between a hospital and a therapeutic center. Patient rooms are equipped with medical monitoring tools and over-the-bed traps to help with patient movement in bed. Also, there is a spacious therapy gyms with equipment like parallel bars, treadmills, and adaptive devices to facilitate physical, occupational, and speech therapy. The atmosphere is structured yet supportive, fostering both clinical intervention and patient autonomy. Baker et al. (2023) emphasize that these hospitals are designed to be “safe spaces” where patients regain confidence in their abilities, a feature that shapes the layout and staff interactions. According toGutenbrunner et al. (2021) an acute rehabilitation hospital is a specialized facility designed to support patients recovering from significant injuries, illnesses, or surgeries that impair their functional abilities.The goal is to return patients to the highest level of function possible, with a focus on both physical and emotional recovery (Baker et al., 2023). The therapeutic environment in these hospitals is structured to support daily rehabilitation activities, with healthcare teams working in close collaboration to create individualized care plans (Gutenbrunner et al., 2021). The care provided in acute rehabilitation hospitals is often intensive and goal-oriented, with daily therapy sessions that aim to improve mobility, cognitive function, and quality of life. Interdisciplinary Team and Services Offered in Acute Rehabilitation Hospitals ARHs have interdisciplinary collaboration team that provide a broad range of services designed to treat the multifaceted needs of patients recovering from serious medical events. These teams include rehabilitation physicians and medical physicians who appropriately determine patient treatment plans. physical therapists, who restore function, strength, mobility and balance. Occupational therapists, who help patients regain independence in daily activities and speech therapists who assist those with communication and swallowing difficulties. Case management including nurse case managers or social workers evaluates unique patient needs, creates an individualized plan for discharge, and ensures that equipment, home services, and all resources needed after discharge are in place. Other services include wound care, respiratory therapists, nutritionists, recreational activities, music therapists and pet therapists. Nurses in these settings must be adept at interdisciplinary communication, advocating for patient needs across therapy domains, and providing emotional support during recovery (Ehrlich et al., 2022). Furthermore, nursing care is integral to supporting these therapies, as nurses monitor progress, assist with therapy sessions, ensure that patients’ care plans are followed consistently, and manage any medical complications that may arise. The role of nurses in providing holistic care, addressing not only the patient’s physical rehabilitation but also their psychological and emotional needs, which are just as critical for successful recovery (Gutenbrunner et al., 2021). Nurses are often responsible for administering medications, monitoring vital signs, and ensuring that patients are receiving appropriate medical treatment while engaging in their rehabilitation programs (Baker et al., 2023). Admission criteria and Length of Stay Admission at PAM ARH is characterized by certain criteria’s that need to be met prior to admission. First of all, these patients are referred from Emergency Room (ER), a physician’s office, assisted living facilities, skilled nursing facilities, and from home. For the admission process to begin a preauthorization must be obtained from the patient’s insurance plan. Then the facility Register nurse or therapist will perform an assessment on the patient. The patient must have a treatable medical diagnosis, must be 18 years of age or older, and able to follow command. The patient should be willing to participate and be able to tolerate at least three hours of therapy a day. Also, the patient must require two therapy disciplines and an attainable discharge disposition. The duration of a patient’s stay in ARHs varies based on patient condition, goals, progress, and insurance. However, the average stay of each patient is seven to ten days but can be extended if medical stability is not met. The intensity of therapy often takes three hours daily, five days a week drives this timeline. Unlike acute care settings where length of stay is often driven by medical stabilization, length of stay at ARHs depends on functional progress. Functional improvements are measured using tools like the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The readiness for discharge, rather than a fixed duration, determines the length of stay, with nurses playing a key role in assessing patient progress alongside therapists (Guo et al., 2025). Typical Patient Population and Common Issues The patient demographic in acute rehabilitation hospitals is diverse but often includes older adults predominantly those over 65, recovering from strokes or fractures. Fewermiddle-Aged adults often with traumatic injuries from accidents or surgeries. Younger patients which are less common are typically with sports injuries or early-onset neurological conditions. Gender distribution varies, though Baker et al. (2023) explore male-specific experiences, suggesting that cultural expectations of independence can influence rehabilitation dynamics. Socioeconomic factors also play a role, as access to such facilities may depend on insurance or geographic availability (WHO, 2024). The common issue in ARHs includes post-surgical patients, trauma survivors, individuals recovering from severe neurological injuries, such as strokes or brain injuries, as well as those with spinal cord injuries, orthopedic conditions, and neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease. As highlighted by Baker et al. (2023) these patients often experience significant challenges both physically and emotionally, requiring ongoing support throughout their rehabilitation journey. Patients may also struggle with issues such as pain management, fear of reinjury, and the emotional impact of their conditions, including depression and anxiety or frustration as they adjust to their new physical abilities, requiring ongoing emotional support. Nurses are tasked with assessing these issues and providing reassurance, helping patients set realistic rehabilitation goals, and ensuring that they receive the emotional support needed to cope with the physical and psychological challenges of rehabilitation. Determinants for Discharge and Post-Discharge Care Discharge from an acute rehabilitation hospital is based on a set of criteria that reflect a patient’s readiness for transitioning to a less intensive level of care. According to Guo et al. (2025) readiness for discharge is assessed through a combination of factors, including the achievement of functional milestones in therapy, the ability to perform activities of daily living, and the availability of appropriate support at home. Nurses are key in assessing a patient’s progress, providing feedback to the rehabilitation team, and ensuring that patients and families understand the discharge plan. For therapy goals achievement, the patients must be able to perform essential self-care tasks safely or have caregiver support in place. Medical stability is determined by assuring there are no active infections, stable vital signs, and manageable comorbidities. While home environment readiness includes accessibility and caregiver availability. Nurses contribute by monitoring these metrics and advocating for additional time or resources if needed. Nurses are also responsible for educating patients and their families about what to expect after discharge, ensuring that they have the necessary resources, medication reconciliation and facilitating follow-up care to prevent readmissions. According to Guo et al. (2025) “High-quality discharge teaching can improve patients’ self-care abilities and discharge preparedness, promoting better recovery post-discharge.” Upon discharge, patients from ARHs may transition to various settings based on their progress and support systems. Some patients with mild to moderate impairments and strong caregiver support are discharged home with outpatient therapy or home health services. While patients who require ongoing nursing care can be discharged to Skilled nursing facilities or Assisted living facilities. Patients with irreversible impairments requiring custodial care are usually discharged to Long-term care facilities. Effective discharge planning involves coordinating with post-discharge providers to ensure that patients continue to receive the care and support they need as they transition from the hospital back to their communities, (Ehrlich et al., 2022). Implementation and Reception of Tool As I completed my research, I sent a copy to my preceptor who went through and told me everything looked good. My preceptor took my project to the head of nursing department and Human Resource manager (HR) at PAM rehab. After the administration went through my educational tool, they were impressed with my work and ask me to present my project. The session includes interactive elements such as role-playing exercises to help students and novice nurses apply the information presented. Reception among the administration and novice nurses was overwhelmingly positive. The HR told me “We have been having student nurses for years and yet no student has ever come up with an educative project like this”. I was excited with the positive feedback. The head of nursing department added that they are going to include my educational tool as part of the PAM training package, so that any student nurses or newly hired nurses will go through the educational tool during orientation. I believe in the next future this tool will be adopted and utilized by other ARHs as it improved understanding of care coordination, therapy integration, and communication strategies in rehab settings. Reflection Collaboration First of all to choose a topic that could help me fid my teaching/learning project, I collaborated with my instructor who help me see a bigger picture of my chosen topic. I then presented the topic to my preceptor and together we identify this learning need. My preceptor told me that the lay-out of PAM is available but not easily accessible as it is found in different sections under different departments. So, putting the information in a project like this will be a very brilliant idea as it will be easy to grasp and go through. After my presentation, I also collaborated with nursing management to provide them with the tool so that it could be added to the hiring package as they found it very educative. Conceptualization As a student at PAM rehab, I faces the challenges of walking into the setting without knowing the setting of ARH nor what was expected of me as a nurse. Knowing that this was a need that affected both nurses’ performance and overall patient care, I was delegated to come up with an educational tool that will beeasily accessible and understandable. The educational tool is designed to provide nursing students and novice nurses with a comprehensive understanding of the ARHs. Critical Thinking To be able to identify the need and create an educational tool requires a lot of critical thinking. I did research on how nursing in ARH look like, bringing together information from different sources in a single teaching tool and making it accessible. I reflect on how the information I gather can align with the expectations of patient care and then apply this knowledge in a clinical setting.Critical thinking is essential competence sharpened through this project. Conclusion The role of nurses in ARHs goes beyond bedside care. Nurses serve as advocates, educators, collaborators, and motivators. Understanding the structure of ARHs, the scope of services offered, and the nature of the patient population equips nurses to function effectively within interdisciplinary teams. As the WHO (2024) envisions in its Rehabilitation 2030 initiative, these hospitals are vital to global health, and nurses are at the heart of their mission. By understanding the services, challenges, and patient concerns highlighted in this paper, nursing students can enter rehabilitation hospitals with a better understanding of what to expect and how to contribute to high-quality care. Take-Away This teaching and learning project equip me with essential knowledge about acute rehabilitation hospitals, providing a comprehensive understanding of the services offered, patient concerns, and the discharge process. The educational tool serves as an accessible tool for students and novice nurses wishing to engage in these settings, preparing them for the realities of nursing in a rehabilitation setting. Collaboration and critical thinking are indispensable in achieving positive outcomes. This project also gave me the opportunity to create a positive impression of myself and the school I am representing. After my presentation, the HR told me she will be happy to have me as part of her team and I also believe that if any student from Indiana State University applies for clinical rotation at PAM rehab, they would not hesitate to accept the student. I know this educational tool will go a long way to help student nurses and novice nurses to better understand ARH settings and what is expected of them as they prepare to be part of the interdisciplinary team. References Baker, M. J., Fisher, M. J., & Pryor, J. (2023). Male nurse practice in inpatient rehabilitation. finding a safe way: A grounded theory. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 143, 104506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104506 Ehrlich, C., Lewis, D., New, A., Jones, S., & Grealish, L. (2022). Exploring the role of nurses in Inpatient Rehabilitation Care Teams: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 128, 104134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104134 Guo, L., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Yu, J., Yang, X., Bai, L., Lu, Q., & Bi, X. (2025). Readiness for hospital discharge and associated factors in patients with oral cancer: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 74, 102777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2025.102777 Gutenbrunner, C., Stievano, A., Stewart, D., Catton, H., & Nugraha, B. (2021). Role of nursing in rehabilitation. Journal of rehabilitation medicine. Clinical communications, 4, 1000061. https://doi.org/10.2340/20030711-1000061 World Health Organization. (2024). Rehabilitation 2030: A call for action. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/rehabilitation-2030-a-call-for-action

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