Which Following Medications Explained for Students (Easy Guide)

This type of question evaluates analytical and critical thinking skills.

What This Question Is About

This question relates to which following medications and requires a structured academic response.

How to Approach This Question

Use appropriate theories and support your answer with clear reasoning.

Key Explanation

This topic involves which following medications. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.

Original Question

15.. Which of the following medications is the mot appropriate treatment of an initial case of acute uncomplicated cystitis in a 23 y/o woman? A. Amoxicillin B. Ciprofloxacin C. Doxycycline D. Azithromycin E. Gentamicin 16. Which of the following are adverse effects associated with aminoglycosides? A. Diarrhea and bone marrow depression B. Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity C. Blurred vision and hyperglycemia D. Headache and hypoglycemia E. Rash and dyspepsia 17. An adult with a high risk for bacterial endocarditis is scheduled for a dental extraction. The patient has a history of penicillin allergy. Which of the following is an appropriate oral prophylactic drug to give this patient? A. Amoxicillin B. Vancomycin C. Clindamycin D. Doxycycline E. Gentamicin •Follow up: What is the MOA of the drug you chose? 18. Which of the following treatments is first line therapy for sputum culture-positive Legionnaire’s pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient? A. Ampicillin/sulbactam B. Erythromycin C. Ceftriaxone D. Vancomycin E. Clindamycin Follow up: What is the MOA of choice D? Follow up: What is the MOA of sulbactam? Follow up T/F: Suppose a pt. is being treated with warfarin. Concurrent treatment with choice B may lead to a decreased INR. 19. A 53 y/o woman suffering from a urinary tract infection started a treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. One week later, burning upon urination was still pronounced, and the physician suspected that resistance to sulfamethoxazole had occurred. This is resistance was most likely due to which of the following mechanism? A. Increased permeability of bacterial cell membrane. B. Decreased sulfonamide binding to bacterial ribosomes. C. Increased production of para-aminobenzoic acid. D. Decreased sulfonamides binding to dihydrofolate reductase. E. Decreased activity of the multidrug efflux pump. 20. . A 46 y/o woman with a long history of recurrent urinary tract infection complained to her physician of burning urination and bladder pain. The woman used antacids from time to time to treat annoying heartburn. The physician prescribed ciprofloxacin for 1 week and instructed the patient to avoid the use of antacids during therapy. Which of the following statements best explains why antacids are contraindicated in patients taking fluoroquinolones? A. They decrease quinolone oral bioavailability. B. They increase the risk of quinolone-induced cartilage erosion. C. They narrow the antibacterial activity spectrum of quinolones. D. They decrease quinolone urinary excretion. E. They increase the risk of torsades de pointes. 21. A 60 y/o man recently diagnosed with carcinoma o the colon was admitted to the hospital for colectomy. Which of the following drugs would be appropriate to be included in the oral prophylactic treatment of this patient to prevent surgical infection? A. Streptomycin B. Penicillin G. C. Trimethoprim D. Neomycin E. Vancomycin’ 22. Which of the following is considered first-line treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD? A. Ipratropium bromide B. Albuterol C. Theophylline D. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate E. Ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate. What is the mechanism of action of the drug(s) selected . 23. . The mother of a 17 month-old-girl took the baby to the pediatrician because she found that her daughter’s rectal temperature was 103.1oF (39.5oC). After physical examination, the pediatrician said the fever was most likely due to a viral infection and prescribed ibuprofen. Which of the following molecular actions most likely mediated the antipyretic effect of the drug in this patient? A. Blockade of prostaglandin receptors in the hypothalamus B. Inhibition of phospholipase A2 in the hypothalamus C. Decreased interleukin concentration in the hypothalamus D. Decreased concentration of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus E. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase in peripheral tissues F. Blockade of oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. 24. A 66 y/o man complained to his physician that he had urinated very little of the past 24 hrs. The man was being treated with digoxin, furosemide, and captopril for congestive heart failure, and the therapy had improved his cardiac conditions. Two days ago, the patient had pain on movement of his left leg that got better with two ibuprofen tablets. The physician found no clinical signs of intravascular volume depletion and increased the dose of furosemide but 6 hours later, urination was not improved. Which of the following actions most likely mediated the patient’s oliguria? A. Ibuprofen-mediated decrease of the glomerular filtration rate B. Worsening of cardiac failure despite therapy C. Furosemide-mediated renin secretion D. Digoxin-mediated decrease of the glomerular filtration rate E. Furosemide-induced hypokalemia 25. A 45 y/o woman, brought to the emergency department by her husband, was disoriented, combative, and complained of headache, vertigo, and “ringing in my ears.” The husband reported that she recently said she wanted to commit suicide. Vital signs were temperature 103.8oF, pulse 108 bpm, respirations 6/min, BP 85/60. Pertinent lab data on admission were arterial blood pH 7.25, creatinine 2.2 mg/dL (normal 0.9-1.2 mg/dL), bicarbonate 18 mEq/L (normal 22-26 mEq/L), glucose 170 mg/dL (normal 70-110 mg/dL). Arterial blood gases were PCO2 48 mmHG (normal 35-45 mmHg), PO2 75mmHg (normal >80). Which of the following drugs mostly likely cause the patient’s poisoning? A. Ethanol B. Celecoxib C. Ibuprofen D. Propranolol E. Aspirin F. Diphenhydramine 26.A 65 y/o man had been recently diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Six months ago, the patient suffered from peptic ulcer disease that healed after triple antiulcer therapy. Which of the following nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs would be most appropriate for this patient? A. Ibuprofen B. Piroxicam C. Indomethacin D. Ketorolac E. Celecoxib F. Aspirin 27. A 58 y/o man complained to his physician of morning stiffness in the hip and knee and some joint stiffness after inactivity. Past medical history of the patient was significant for a myocardial infarction 6 months earlier. Further exams led to the diagnosis of osteoarthritis, and an analgesic pharmacotherapy was prescribed. Which of the following analgesic drugs would be contraindicated for this patient? A. Ibuprofen B. Piroxicam C. Celecoxib D. Acetominophen E. Diclofenac 28. An 850g (1.87lb) baby boy, prematurely born at 27 weeks gestational age, was intubated immediately and placed on positive pressure assisted ventilation. On the third day of life, his nurse noticed that he had tachycardia and a widened pulse pressure. Color Doppler echocardiography showed reverse pulmonary artery flow in diastole. A treatment with intravenous indomethacin was started. Which of the following best explains the reason for that therapy? A. To speed up maturation of the lungs B. To increase lung surfactant formation C. To decrease atrial contractility D. To prevent thrombi on cardiac valves E. To close the patent ductus arteriosus

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