Sadia Year Female Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
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What This Question Is About
This question relates to sadia year female and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Structure your response with introduction, analysis, and conclusion.
Key Explanation
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Original Question
Sadia, a 30-year-old female, is who presents with her mother Audrey. Audrey is 50 yo and is recovering from surgery for a recent breast cancer diagnosis. She was diagnosed with ovarian cancer 5 years ago and underwent surgery and treatment. Audrey is distraught over being diagnosed with breast cancer. Audrey believes she’s been “cursed” with the disease because her aunt on her mother’s side died from breast cancer before age 60. Audrey wants her daughter Sadia to get a complete physical examination and be specifically checked for both breast and ovarian cancer. Questions: What are red flags suggestive of hereditary breast & ovarian cancer in this family? 2.) Describe the pathophysiology of how BRCA mutations cause breast/ovarian cancer. 3.) Audrey has been diagnosed with both ovarian and breast cancer. What additional information is needed to determine if Audrey has hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome? (Multiple choice +why) A.) Chemotherapy used to treat the ovarian cancer B.) Number of children the aunt with ovarian cancer had before she died C.) Treatment that was provided to Audrey’s living aunts for their breast cancer D.) Status of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors 4.) Sadia follows Audrey’s advice and schedules an appointment with her primary care provider. Sadia shares her mother’s illnesses and asks what can be done to avoid developing both diseases. What should the health care provider tell Sadia at this time? (Multiple choice + why) A.) “You should have a mammogram starting at age 40.” B.) “There is nothing that can be done. It’s called watchful waiting.” C.) “A transvaginal ultrasound, blood work, and a mammogram now is recommended.” D.) “Doing monthly breast self-exams and having annual Pap smears is the only option.” 5.) Should the health care provider recommend Sadia have genetic testing (i.e. breast cancer panel) based on red flags in her family history? 6.) Sadia opts for testing that reveals she has a BRCA2 gene mutation. What should the health care provider tell Sadia she can do to definitively prevent developing breast cancer? (Multiple choice + why) A. Take tamoxifen for the rest of her life B. Continue with imaging studies every 6 months C. Have clinical breast examinations every 3 months D. Schedule surgery for prophylactic bilateral mastectomies 7.) What would be a treatment to definitively prevent Sadia from developing ovarian cancer? 8.) What should the health care provider tell the family about who may be at risk for BRCA2 – related cancer? – For female blood relatives – For male blood relatives 9.) Sadia is uncomfortable with intensive monitoring and does not want to consider surgery. What would the health care provider tell her about medical management options for her to reduce her risk of breast cancer? 10.) Sadia opts to start Tamoxifen therapy to mitigate her breast cancer risk. By what mechanism do selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) decrease breast cancer risk? What would the provider tell her about fertility planning?
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