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Question 1 (1 point) Saved The blood flow to the kidneys is approximately: (Select the most correct option) Question 1 options: 2,000 ml/min 800 ml/min 1,600 ml/min 1,200 ml/min Question 2 (1 point) Blood enters the kidney through the renal vein and returns to the body through the renal artery. This statement is: Question 2 options: True False Question 3 (1 point) The cortex contains which of the following structures? (Select all that apply) Question 3 options: Glomeruli Loops of Henle Medullary collecting tubules Proximal and Distal tubules Vasa recta Cortical collecting tubules Adjacent peritubular capillaries Question 4 (1 point) The medulla contains triangular wedges, or pyramids, that are formed by which structures? (Select all that apply) Question 4 options: Glomeruli Loops of Henle Medullary collecting tubules Proximal and Distal tubules Vasa recta Cortical collecting tubules Adjacent peritubular capillaries Question 5 (1 point) 85% of the nephrons within the kidney are cortical nephrons. This statement is: Question 5 options: True False Question 6 (1 point) The glomerular membrane has three layers. They are: (Select the most correct option) Question 6 options: Endothelial, basement membrane, and epithelial Endometrial, basement membrane, and epithelial Endothelial, basement membrane, and endocardial Epithelial, basement membrane, and endoplasm Question 7 (1 point) The glomerular membrane prevents large molecules from entering the filtrate through: (Select all that apply) Question 7 options: The size of the spaces in the membrane layers preventing large molecules from getting through The negatively charged podocytes repel large molecules from the membrane Phagocytes absorb the large molecules before they enter the filtrate All of the above Question 8 (1 point) The main components of the tubular system of the nephron are: (Select all that apply) Question 8 options: Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Bowman’s capsule Distal tubule Collecting tubule Juxtaglomerular apparatus Question 9 (1 point) The initial process of urine formation is called: (Select the most correct option) Question 9 options: Tubular reabsorption Glomerular filtration Excretion Tubular secretion Question 10 (1 point) The movement of fluid and solutes from the tubular system into the peritubular capillaries is called: (Select the most correct option) Question 10 options: Tubular reabsorption Glomerular filtration Excretion Tubular secretion Question 11 (1 point) The movement of solutes from the peritubular capillaries into the tubular system is called tubular secretion. This statement is: Question 11 options: True False Question 12 (1 point) __________ is the process of unwanted substances being eliminated from the body through urine. (Select the most correct option) Question 12 options: Tubular reabsorption Glomerular filtration Excretion Tubular secretion Question 13 (1 point) The GFR of the average adult is: (Select the most correct option) Question 13 options: 135 ml/min 115 ml/min 145 ml/min 125 ml/min Question 14 (1 point) Stage 1 CKD is characterized as: (Select the most correct option) Question 14 options: GFR ≥ 90, kidney functions normally, but kidney damage is present GFR 60-89, kidney has mildly decreased function, kidney damage is present GFR 30-59, kidney has mild to moderately decreased function, with OR without kidney function GFR 15-29, kidney has severe loss of function, patient is exhibiting symptoms of kidney dysfunction GFR less than 15, kidney is failing, symptoms of uremia are present GFR ≥ 90, kidney functions normally, and there is no kidney damage present Question 15 (1 point) Which of the following imaging studies are completed to screen for CKD? (Select all that apply) Question 15 options: Renal ultrasound CT scan X-ray MRI Question 16 (1 point) Which symptoms are NOT indicative of uremia? (Select the most correct option) Question 16 options: Nausea and vomiting Appetite loss Fatigue Pruritus Question 17 (1 point) Stage 3 CKD is characterized as: (Select the most correct option) Question 17 options: GFR ≥ 90, kidney functions normally, but kidney damage is present GFR 60-89, kidney has mildly decreased function, kidney damage is present GFR 30-59, kidney has mild to moderately decreased function, with OR without kidney function GFR 15-29, kidney has severe loss of function, patient is exhibiting symptoms of kidney dysfunction GFR less than 15, kidney is failing, symptoms of uremia are present Question 18 (1 point) Which of the following risk factors can be modified to slow the progression of CKD? (Select all that apply) Question 18 options: Level of kidney function Ethnicity High blood pressure Smoking Question 19 (1 point) GFR 15-29, kidney has severe loss of function, patient is exhibiting symptoms of kidney dysfunction is a description of which stage of CKD? (Select the most correct option) Question 19 options: Stage 1 CKD Stage 2 CKD Stage 3 CKD Stage 4 CKD Stage 5 CKD Question 20 (1 point) Peritoneal dialysis is contraindicated in all of the following populations EXCEPT for: (Select the most correct option) Question 20 options: People who have had multiple abdominal surgeries People with ostomies in their abdominal walls People who are morbidly obese People with cardiac instability Question 21 (1 point) Peritoneal dialysis: (Select the most correct option) Question 21 options: Uses a natural membrane for fluid and solute removal Uses a central venous catheter as a vascular access for treatment Can be done at home Can be done while traveling Question 22 (1 point) GFR less than 15, kidney is failing, symptoms of uremia are present is indicative of which stage of CKD? (Select the most correct option) Question 22 options: Stage 1 CKD Stage 2 CKD Stage 3 CKD Stage 4 CKD Stage 5 CKD Question 23 (1 point) Hemodialysis is NOT: (Select the most correct option) Question 23 options: A treatment using a central line as a vascular access The gentlest treatment option for CKD patients A treatment using a synthetic dialyzer to remove fluid and solutes from the body A treatment that can be done at home or in a clinic Question 24 (1 point) The vascular access options for hemodialysis include: (Select all that apply) Question 24 options: A central venous catheter An arteriovenous graft An abdominal catheter An arteriovenous fistula Question 25 (1 point) The best treatment option for many CKD patients is: (Select the most correct option) Question 25 options: Transplant In centre hemodialysis Home hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis Question 26 (1 point) Stage 2 CKD is characterized as: (Select the most correct option) Question 26 options: GFR ≥ 90, kidney functions normally, but kidney damage is present GFR 60-89, kidney has mildly decreased function, kidney damage is present GFR 30-59, kidney has mild to moderately decreased function, with OR without kidney function GFR 15-29, kidney has severe loss of function, patient is exhibiting symptoms of kidney dysfunction GFR less than 15, kidney is failing, symptoms of uremia are present Question 27 (1 point) Transplanted kidneys can come from which of the following sources? (Select all that apply) Question 27 options: A living donor Cadavers From a bovine source From an artificial source Question 28 (1 point) Which of the following is NOT required for home dialysis therapies? (Select the most correct option) Question 28 options: Good social support systems A space with no stairs for equipment access A clean environment with adequate space Stable living arrangements Question 29 (1 point) The most commonly reported adverse events during home dialysis therapy are: (Select all that apply) Question 29 options: Inadequate water supply Human error Blood loss Machine dysfunction

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