Quantitative Descriptive Exploratory Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
Students often encounter this when studying fundamental concepts.
What This Question Is About
This question relates to quantitative descriptive exploratory and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Structure your response with introduction, analysis, and conclusion.
Key Explanation
This topic involves quantitative descriptive exploratory. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.
Original Question
Quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study conducted in a hospital belonging to a private health plan provider, located in the northwest of the State of Paraná, Brazil. This hospital began operations in 2008 and currently has 23 beds for low and medium complexity hospitalizations in medical-surgical, maternal-and-child, and semi-intensive care units, in addition to seven observation beds in the emergency unit. The nursing staff of this institution was composed of seven nurses and twenty-six nurse technicians, working 42 hours per week. We invited the nursing professionals that met the following criteria to participate in the study: a) being part of the nursing staff of the hospital; b) aged 18 years or older; and c) formally accept to participate in the study. The data were collected from 27 professionals (six nurses and 21 nursing technicians), who completed a questionnaire containing questions relating to data on the participants (questions 1 to 12), the infrastructure of the hospital related to the availability of alcoholic preparation for the professionals (questions 14 and 15), and those specifically related to alcohol-based hand rub technique (questions 18 and 19), contained in the instrument called Hand Hygiene Knowledge Test for Health Professionals.6 The data were collected and processed in spreadsheets by means of statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and EpiInfo 7.1.3TM softwares.20 We used descriptive statistics to measure the dispersion of continuous variables, as well as frequencies and percentages of categorical variables. With respect to inferential statistics, we used Fischer’s exact test (5% significance level) to assess the association between the number of correct answers and the professional categories (nurses and nurse technicians) and years spent in the nursing profession, which was dichotomized into lesser or greater using the average as a cutoff point (seven years). Due to the lack of a parameter for assessing the health professionals’ level of knowledge using the Hand Hygiene Knowledge Test for Health Professionals, 6 we used the positivity index, which has been used in the field of nursing to assess healthcare quality. 7 This index is interpreted from the number of positive answers (correct) as follows: desirable (100% positivity); adequate (90% to 99% positivity); safe (80% to 89% positivity); borderline (71% to 79% positivity); and poor (70% or less positivity).7 This way, we considered that 80% or a higher percentage of correct answers in each question was a satisfactory result. The present study complied with all the ethical and legal aspects and the research project was approved by the Standing Research Ethics Committee for research involving humans of the State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil, Opinion No. 435,164/2013, and CAAE No. 22926613.1.0000.0104 My question is: what are the variables involved? ordinal/interval/ratio, and why?
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