Part Anatomy Physiology Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
Understanding this question requires applying core subject principles.
What This Question Is About
This question relates to part anatomy physiology and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Break the problem into smaller parts and analyze each logically.
Key Explanation
This topic involves part anatomy physiology. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.
Original Question
PART 1 Anatomy & Physiology of the Cardio-vascular System I. Discuss the normal anatomy & physiology of the cardiovascular system including structure and function. A. Structure B. Blood supply to myocardium C. Conduction system D. Vascular system E. Blood pressure II. Discuss the components of a cardiovascular assessment in the adult patient. A. Subjective data 1. Discuss the impact of cardiovascular problems on the patient’s functional health patterns. B. Objective data 1. Discuss objective data found in the physical assessment of the cardiovascular system, including the peripheral vascular system. C. Focused cardiovascular assessment. III. Discuss diagnostic studies available to assess the cardiovascular system. Vascular Disorders IV. Define and discuss atherosclerosis V. Discuss and apply the nursing process to the care of patients with common vascular problems. A. Coronary artery disease B. Peripheral artery disease C. Acute arterial ischemic disorders D. Aortic aneurysms E. Aortic dissection Hypertension VI. Define hypertension and discuss why it is an important public health concern. A. Prevalence B. Complications C. Cultural & ethnic differences II. Discuss the normal regulation of blood pressure in relation to cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. III. Define the classifications of hypertension IV. Discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of hypertension. A. Primary B. Secondary V. Discuss and apply the nursing process to the care of patients with hypertension to include the following topics: A. Clinical manifestations B. Diagnostic studies C. Complications D. Medications E. Lifestyle F. Patient education G. Gerontologic considerations H. Hypertensive crisis PART 2 Heart Failure I. Discuss the definition of HF and differentiate between acute HF and chronic HF (CHF). A. Discuss the etiology and patho-physiology of CHF. 1. Differentiate the factors affecting cardiac output and how they contribute to CHF including: a. Preload b. Afterload c. Contractility B. Discuss the clinical manifestations of HF and differentiate between Left-sided and Right-sided HF. 1. Discuss the etiology of pulmonary edema C. Discuss common diagnostic tests in assessing for HF. 1. Patient history 2. Electro-cardiogram (ECG) 3. Laboratory tests d. Echo-cardiogram D. Compare and contrast the classification systems of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) and American Heart Association (AHA). E. Discuss the variety of drug therapy used to treat HF, differentiating between drug classification, mechanism of action, and its impact on cardiac output. F. Discuss nutritional therapy and how it is utilized to prevent exacerbations of HF. G. Apply the nursing process to the care of the patient with HF in collaboration with the healthcare team. H. Discuss cardiogenic shock and compare with other forms of shock.
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