How to Answer Understanding Pathophysiology Each Questions (Complete Guide)

This question tests key academic concepts commonly covered in coursework.

What This Question Is About

This question relates to understanding pathophysiology each and requires a structured academic response.

How to Approach This Question

Start by identifying the main issue, then apply relevant academic frameworks.

Key Explanation

This topic involves understanding pathophysiology each. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.

Original Question

Understanding the pathophysiology of each class of drug helps guide you in making best practice choices. ACE inhibitors are commonly prescribed for hypertension. Discuss another class of medication to treat hypertension and a few informative points to consider why you chose that medication. Below is a summary of ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors – ( End in pril – lisinopril ) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors help relax your veins and arteries to lower your blood pressure. ACE inhibitors prevent an enzyme in your body from producing angiotensin II, a substance that narrows your blood vessels. This narrowing can cause high blood pressure and force your heart to work harder. In the kidneys, ARB and ACE inhibitors have been shown to reduce proteinuria (loss of protein in the urine), preserve renal (kidney) function, and slow the progression of renal failure, especially in diabetics. Common side effect of an ACE – Cough Why- ACE inhibitors increase levels of bradykinin Can also cause angiedema ACE – cause higher bradykinin levels which is can cause a cough and angioedema. why bradykinin is an inflammatory vasoactive peptide which leads to vasodiltation of blood vessels and increased permeability leading to swelling. it also raises histamine levels. Angioedema is relatively rare, but cough is not in some studies up to 20-25 percent of patients may develop cough and in those particular patients ARB’s angiotensin receptor blockers – can also be used as the incidence of cough is relatively much less. ARB”s end in ARTAN- EXAMPLE – Losaratan- Discuss this class of medication. Beta Blockers end in olol Which beta blockers have more cardiac specific effects on Beta 1 receptors as opposed to Beta 2 receptors which can effect in the lungs. How do direct oral acting anticoagulants work? What are the benefits over Warfarin?

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