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Original Question
Hello! Can you EXPLAIN or give the RATIONALE of the bulleted form? Thank you! Topic: Nursing Responsibilities when performing Hot and Cold Application Electric Heating Pads • Electric pads provide a constant, even heat, are lightweight, and can be molded to a body part. Electric pads, however, can burn if the setting is too high. Some models have waterproof covers for use when the pad is placed over a moist dressing. In applying electric pads, the nurse follows these guidelines: • Do not insert sharp objects (e.g., pins) into the pad. The pin could damage a wire and cause an electric shock. • Ensure that the body area is dry unless there is a waterproof cover on the pad. Electricity is the presence of water that can cause a shock. • Use pads with a preset heating switch so a client cannot increase the heat. • Do not place the pad under the client. Heat will not dissipate, and the client may be burned Ice Bags, Ice Gloves, and Ice Collars • are filled either with ice chips or with an alcohol-based solution. They are applied to the body to provide cold to a localized area (e.g., a collar is often applied to the throat following a tonsillectomy). Always wrap the container in a towel or cover Compresses • Compresses can be either warm or cold. A compress is a moist gauze dressing applied to a wound or injury. When hot compresses are ordered, the solution is heated to the temperature indicated by the order or according to agency protocol, Soaks • A soak refers to immersing a body part (e.g., an arm) in a solution or wrapping a part in gauze dressings and then saturating the dressing with a solution. Sterile technique is generally indicated for open wounds, such as a burn or an unhealed surgical incision. Determine agency protocol regarding the temperature of the solution. Hot soaks are frequently done to soften and remove encrusted secretions and dead tissue. Cooling Sponge Bath • The purpose of a cooling sponge bath is to reduce a client’s fever by promoting heat loss through conduction and vaporization. Cool sponge baths are used with extreme caution, and only for clients with very high temperatures, such as over 40°C (104°F), because rapid skin temperature drop can cause chills that increase heat production. • The bath is accompanied by antipyretic medication that acts to reset the hypothalamus set point. The temperatures for cooling sponge baths range from 27°C to 37°C (80°F to 98°F). To provide a cooling sponge bath, the nurse should: • Sponge the face, arms, legs, back, and buttocks. The chest and abdomen are not usually sponged. Each area is sponged slowly and gently. Rubbing may increase heat production • Leave each area wet and cover with a damp towel. • Place ice bags and cold packs, if used, or a cool cloth on the forehead for comfort and in each axilla and at the groin. These areas contain large superficial blood vessels that help the transfer of heat. • Sponge one body part and then another. The sponge bath should take about 30 minutes. A bath given more quickly tends to increase the body’s heat production by causing shivering • Discontinue the bath if the client becomes pale or cyanotic or shivers, or if the pulse becomes rapid or irregular. • Reassess the vital signs at 15 minutes and after completing the sponge bath
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