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answer this with rationale: MATERNAL AND CHILD PRE BOARDS 1. A pregnant woman at 36 weeks gestation reports frequent headaches and visual disturbances. What is the priority nursing action? A. Administer acetaminophen for headache relief B. Assess blood pressure and urine for protein C. Recommend bed rest and hydration D. Schedule an immediate ultrasound 2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy during the first trimester? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) D. Oxytocin 3. A client’s LMP was February 10, 2025. Using Nagele’s Rule, what is her expected date of delivery? A. November 17, 2025 B. November 10, 2025 C. November 3, 2025 D. October 31, 2025 4. Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate for a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia? A. Increase intake of dairy products like milk and cheese B. Consume more red meat, spinach, and fortified cereals C. Avoid caffeine to maximize calcium absorption D. Eat small frequent meals to prevent nausea 5. Select all that apply: Which are signs of true labor? A. Regular contractions increasing in intensity and frequency B. Pain relieved by walking or position change C. Cervical dilation and effacement occur D. Contractions felt mainly in the abdomen 6. A pregnant woman at 28 weeks gestation is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. What dietary advice should the nurse provide? A. Increase carbohydrate intake to maintain blood sugar levels B. Reduce carbohydrate intake and increase protein C. Avoid all sugars and focus on high-fat diets D. Eat small frequent meals to prevent hypoglycemia 7. A client with severe preeclampsia is experiencing convulsions. What is the immediate nursing action? A. Administer magnesium sulfate B. Call for emergency assistance C. Monitor blood pressure closely D. Administer oxygen 8. Which of the following is a danger sign during the antepartum period that should be reported immediately? A. Blurred vision B. Nasal stuffiness C. Breast tenderness D. Constipation 9. A pregnant woman at 20 weeks gestation reports feeling dizzy when lying flat on her back. What is the nurse’s best response? A. “This is normal; try lying on your left side.’ B. “You may have low blood sugar; eat something sweet.” C. “This could indicate preeclampsia; monitor your blood pressure.” D. “You should avoid lying flat; it compresses a major blood vessel.” 10. Select all that apply: Which prenatal diagnostic tests are used to detect chromosomal abnormalities? A. Amniocentesis B. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) C. Non-stress test D. Ultrasound 11. A 29-year-old G1PO female at 42 weeks gestation is in active labor when shoulder dystocia occurs. What common complications should the nurse assess for in the neonate? A. Fractured clavicle B. Respiratory distress С. Hyрохіа D. All of the above 12. A patient in labor reports severe back pain. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? A. Administer epidural anesthesia B. Apply a warm compress to the lower back C. Encourage the patient to walk D. Use a birthing ball for support 13. A patient is experiencing irregular contractions at weeks gestation. What action by the nurse is most appropriate? A. Administer oxytocin to induce labor B. Monitor fetal heart rate and maternal vital signs C. Perform a vaginal exam to assess cervical dilation D. Recommend bed rest and hydration 14. A patient at 37 weeks gestation presents with contractions. Which question by the nurse would best determine if the patient is in labor? A. “Are your contractions regular and increasing in intensity?” B. “Have you felt the baby move recently?” C. “Do you have a history of preterm labor?” D. “Have you experienced any vaginal bleeding?” 15. A patient is diagnosed with placenta accreta. Which statement indicates she understands the nurse’s teaching? A. “I will have a normal vaginal delivery.” B. “I may need a cesarean section.” C. “I will be able to breastfeed immediately.” D. “I can go home the same day.’ 16. Select all that apply: Which are common complications of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)? A. Infection B. Respiratory distress syndrome C. Placental abruption D. Uterine rupture 17. A patient at 31 weeks gestation presents with vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. What is the nurse’s first action? A. Call for emergency assistance B. Assess fetal heart rate and maternal vital signs C. Administer oxygen D. Perform a vaginal exam 18. A patient with severe preeclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate. Which early symptoms indicate magnesium toxicity? Respiratory depression Decreased urine output Fushing All of the above 19. A patient at 38 weeks gestation is experiencing contractions. Which term does the nurse use to document the fetal head position if it is 2 inches above the maternal ischial spines? A. Engaged B. Station -2 C. Station 0 D. Station +2 20. A patient is diagnosed with a breech presentation. Which type of delivery is most appropriate? A. Vaginal delivery B. Cesarean section C. Forceps delivery D. Vacuum extraction 21. A postpartum patient is experiencing heavy bleeding. What is the priority nursing action? A. Administer oxytocin B. Apply uterine massage C. Call for emergency assistance D. Monitor vital signs closely 22. A new mother is having difficulty initiating breastfeeding. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? A. Provide a breast pump B. Offer formula supplementation C. Assist with proper latching techniques D. Recommend a lactation consultant 23. A postpartum patient reports feeling sad and tearful.Which screening tool is most appropriate to assess for postpartum depression? A. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) B. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) C. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) D. All of the above 24. Select all that apply: Which are common postpartum complications? A. Hemorrhage B. Infection C. Thrombophlebitis D. Hypertension 25. A patient who had a cesarean section is experiencing pain. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? A. Administer acetaminophen B. Use a heating pad on the incision site C. Encourage deep breathing exercises D. Offer epidural analgesia 26. A postpartum patient is experiencing urinary retention. What is the nurse’s best action? A. Encourage fluid intake B. Assist with catheterization C. Use a warm compress on the perineum D. Recommend a urinary analgesic 27. A patient is diagnosed with postpartum preeclampsia. Which medication is most appropriate? A. Magnesium sulfate B. Nifedipine C. Methyldopa D. All of the above 28. Select all that apply: Which are signs of postpartum infection? A. Fever B. Uterine tenderness C. Foul-smelling lochia D. Increased white blood cell count 29. A patient who had a cesarean section is experiencing constipation. What is the nurse’s best advice? A. Increase fluid intake and fiber consumption B. Use a stool softener C. Avoid straining during bowel movements D. All of the above 30. A postpartum patient is experiencing anxiety. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? A. Administer anxiolytics B. Encourage deep breathing exercises C. Offer emotional support and reassurance D. Recommend a mental health consultation 31. A newborn is experiencing respiratory distress. Which initial action does the nurse take? A. Administer oxygen B. Perform bag-mask ventilation C. Intubate the neonate D. Use a nasal cannula 32. A neonate is born with a heart rate of 60 bpm and is not breathing. What is the nurse’s priority action? A. Administer epinephrine B. Perform chest compressions C. Provide bag-mask ventilation D. Use a defibrillator 33. Select all that apply: Which are common newborn reflexes? A. Rooting reflex B. Sucking reflex C. Moro reflex D. Plantar reflex 34. A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which treatment is most appropriate? A. Administer surfactant B. Use a nasal cannula for oxygen C. Perform chest physiotherapy D. Administer antibiotics 35. A newborn has an APGAR score of 5 at 1 minute. What does this indicate? A. Normal adaptation to extrauterine life B. Mild distress requiring observation C. Severe distress requiring immediate intervention D. Normal score for a preterm infant 36. A neonate is experiencing hypothermia. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate? A. Use a radiant warmer B. Provide a warm bath C. Use a heating pad D. Increase room temperature 37. Select all that apply: Which are common congenital anomalies? A. Cleft palate B. Spina bifida C. Congenital heart defects D. Clubfoot 38. A newborn is diagnosed with jaundice. Which treatment is most appropriate? A. Administer vitamin K B. Use phototherapy C. Perform a blood transfusion D. Administer antibiotics 39. Which nursing interventions are most appropriate? A. Encourage skin-to-skin contact B. Use a bottle with a nipple to feed the baby C. Provide a breastfeeding pillow for support D. Offer formula supplementation to ensure nutrition E. Assist with positioning and latching techniques 40. Select all that apply: Which are signs of neonatal infection? A. Fever B. Lethargy C. Poor feeding D. Increased white blood cell count 41. A pediatric patient is prescribed acetaminophen for fever. How should the nurse calculate the correct dosage? A. Based on the child’s age B. Based on the child’s weight c. Based on the child’s height D. Based on the child’s temperature 42. A child is diagnosed with asthma. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate during an acute exacerbation? A. Administer a bronchodilator B. Use a humidifier C. Encourage deep breathing exercises D. Administer oxygen 43. A child with type 1 diabetes is experiencing hypoglycemia. What is the nurse’s priority action? A. Administer insulin B. Provide a snack or glucose tablet C. Encourage physical activity D. Call for emergency assistance 44. Select all that apply: Which are developmental milestones for a 12-month-old child? Sitting independently B. Standing with support C. Saying a few words D. Walking independently 45. A pediatric patient is prescribed a medication that requires a dose of 2 mg/kg. If the child weighs 20 kg, what is the total dose? A. 20 mg B. 40 mg C. 60 mg D. 80 mg 46. Which of the following symptoms are commonly associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) in children? A. Fever B. Vomiting C. Dysuria D. Diarrhea E. Rash 47. A child with a fever is prescribed paracetamol. Which of the following nursing actions are most appropriate? A. Administer the medication according to the prescribed dosage and schedule B. Monitor the child’s temperature regularlv to assess the effectiveness of the medication C. Use a cold compress to lower the child’s body temperature D. Educate the parents about fever management and the safe use of acetaminophen 48. Select all that apply: Which are common signs of dehydration in children? A. Dry mouth B. Sunken eyes C. Decreased urine output D. Lethargy 49. A child is experiencing an allergic reaction. Which of the following medications may be appropriate based on the severity of the reaction? SATA A. Diphenhydramine B. Epinephrine C. Corticosteroids D. Antacids E. All of the above 50. A child with a history of seizures is prescribed phenytoin. Which nursing action is most appropriate? A. Monitor for signs of toxicity B. Administer the medication with food C. Encourage physical activity D. Use a seizure precaution plan
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