Healthy People Evolved Explained for Students (Easy Guide)
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How to Approach This Question
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Key Explanation
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Original Question
Healthy People has evolved over the decades to reflect the most current science and address the latest public health priorities, it has strengthened its focus on health equity. This focus is reflected in one of the overarching goals of Healthy People 2030: Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all (U.S.DHSH, 2023). According to the CDC (2022), “Health equity is the state in which everyone has a fair and just opportunity to attain their highest level of health. Achieving this requires ongoing societal efforts to: • Address historical and contemporary injustices; • Overcome economic, social, and other obstacles to health and health care; and • Eliminate preventable health disparities. To achieve health equity, we must change the systems and policies that have resulted in the generational injustices that give rise to racial and ethnic health disparities. Health inequities are reflected in differences in length of life; quality of life; rates of disease, disability, and death; severity of disease; and access to treatment. Purpose: Students will analyze evidence from multiple professional literature sources to develop an informed nursing perspective on a selected health disparity and use effective written communication skills to develop interventions to reduce/prevent the health disparity. Process: Complete the following steps to fulfill this assignment: 1. Choose one of the health disparities below already linked to an ethnic or disadvantaged group and develop a PICO question focused on a NURSING intervention to help close or reduce the health disparity. a. SIDs rates among Blacks/AA and Hispanics b. Cervical cancer rates among Blacks/AA and Hispanic women c. Premature death from stroke for non-Hispanic Blacks/AA d. Premature death from coronary heart disease/myocardial infarction for non-Hispanic Blacks/AA e. Drug-induced deaths for American Indian/Alaska Natives f. Uncontrolled asthma/increased asthma rates for children and adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) g. Childhood obesity rates among any minority group h. Higher death rate from breast cancer for Black/AA women even though they do not have the highest diagnosis rate. i. High infant mortality rates for Black/AA women (infant death from birth to 12 months) j. Hypertension rates among any minority groups k. Diabetes rates or comorbidities among any minority group l. HIV rates among Blacks/AA and Hispanics m. breastfeeding rates for Black/AA women 2. Please visit the CDC and Minority Health websites for National Center for Health Statistics for more data and statistics for your choose a chronic illness or health disparity (diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, etc.). Review and provide data that reveals health disparities and/or cultural considerations within the specific ethnic group and disease/illness that you have selected. (i.e., American Indian or Alaskan Native Health; Asian or Pacific Islander Health; Black or African American Health; Hispanics/Latino Health; Mexican American Health; low SES). a. CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/diseasesand-conditions.htm. You will find ethnic groups under the “More Data” section of the disease condition page. b. CDC Minority Health Equity & Minority website: https://www.cdc.gov/minorityhealth/index.html for additional data on your chosen health disparity. 3. Formulate question(s) using PICO format that will help direct your research and writing. Your PICO question should be a nurse driven/focused intervention. PICO question MUST be open ended and not a yes/no question. Examples: a. How effective is the use of a nurse diabetic educator in reducing the risk for chronic kidney disease among African Americans with diabetes? b. What influence does breastfeeding education have in reducing the incidence or rates of SIDs in the Native American population? c. What is the role of patient teaching on monthly breast self-exams (BSE) in early detection of breast cancer among African American women? 4. Identify a minimum of 3 professional peer reviewed resources to make the argument for your paper. Students will choose one article out of the 3 (main article) and use the CARS criteria to analyze the quality of evidence presented in the article. The CARS criteria provide students with standards to determine if your articles are quality evidence, as learned in PHIL 201. Original research articles are acceptable, but not required. Appropriate professional web sources may be used as supplements to strengthen the paper. (This does NOT include sites like Wikipedia, WebMD, or other lay websites!) Center for Disease Control (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), World Health Organization (WHO) or the National League of Nursing (NLN) are examples of reputable websites. Note websites with .edu, .gov, .org may also be reputable. If you main source of evidence is a website, then use the CARS criteria to determine if the website is a credible source of quality evidence. Any course textbook can be used as 1 of the references, however, the textbook should not be your main source of evidence (use a journal article or website). Students should use more than 3 references to support the paper but only 1 will be used to complete the CARS criteria. 5. paper! Requirements: b, It should be easily identified from your PICO question/statement whether your paper is informative or persuasive. c. Briefly give support for why the sources are valid for your purpose using the CARS criteria for 1 of the 3 articles. d. Integrate sources throughout your discussion of the topic, rather than reporting each one sequentially. e. Identify 3 factors that may cause or contribute to the health disparity (besides individual choice) and discuss 3 interventions that may improve the health of the ethnic group or reduce the health disparity. Must include interventions at all 3 levels: the nursing level, organizational, and policy/social levels. f. Paper should be written using Microsoft Word in a professional third person format (no I, You, Us, etc). Do not include an abstract or table of content. Do not upload in a pdf format. g. Be sure to answer your PICO question!. i. The PICO question should be integrated into the introduction section of the paper. j. Do not include an abstract or a statement on the bottom of the title page k. Use headings to organize your paper and alert the reader of the upcoming topic. Ideas for getting help with writing: c. Use headings and triple check APA formatting Suggested Outline for writing your paper: 1. Introduction (without this heading.) introduction paragraph for your review. This paragraph states the topic and PICO question (why this topic/disparity is important). 2. Disease/Illness & Disparity Overview: a. Briefly and succinctly explain in 1 to 2 paragraphs the scope and 3 possible causes of the health disparity in your patient population. Provide data and rates, incidences, etc. of the disparity. b. What factors contributes to the health disparity (income, education, race/ethnicity, class, gender, lack of healthcare, etc.). c. What ethical principles exist for this health disparity that needs to be considered? d. Why is it important to address this disparity? 3. CARS Analysis a. Briefly analyze 1 article for the quality of evidence. 4. Interventions: 5.Conclusion/Summary: a. This is the last paragraph of your paper. In this paragraph, it is important to briefly summarize the main findings from the articles that you reviewed and to point out how your inquiry/PICO question was answered or not answered, what the gap is (what if my questions are all answered – you then need to identify new inquiries so that you will contribute to the field). 6. References Rubic Criteria Ratings Pts Thesis and Organization 7 pts Original, clear, focused thesis; logical and unified organization; sophisticated transitions 5 pts Clear, focused thesis; sufficiently coherent; sufficient transitions 3 pts Identifiable main idea; basic transitions 1 pts Missing or unsupported thesis; missing topic sentences; missing transitions / 7 pts Language and Style 7 pts Effective level of formality, strategically varied sentence structure, sentence style highlights ideas 5 pts Appropriate level of formality; some sentence variety 3 pts Functional and understandable 1 pts Style and language are not yet appropriate for assignment / 7 pts Balance of Sources 7 pts Balanced, authoritative sources; integrated, correctly cited sources; effectively integrated outside sources (minimum 3) 5 pts Sufficient sources used for assignment, some attention to citations needed due to errors, only used textbooks and journals or websites 3 pts Insufficient sources; sources not integrated correctly; missing sources (less than 3); plagiarism 1 pts Sufficient sources appropriately used for assignment; some attention to citations needed / 7 pts Mechanics/ Formatting 10 pts No noticeable errors in spelling, punctuation or grammar. Correct use of APA style 8 pts Minimal mechanical errors that do not interfere with reader’s understanding APA used minimal errors (3 to 5 errors) 5 pts Some minor mechanical errors; errors may interfere with reader’s understanding APA used with moderate amount of errors (6 to 10 errors) 3 pts Too many mechanical/ APA errors that interfere with meaning (11 or more errors) / 10 pts References 10 pts All references are 6 years old or less. If a historical article was used (no new research since original published) must state why used, i.e. no new knowledge/research 7 pts Less than 100% to 75% of references are older than 6 years. If a historical article was used (no new research since original published) must state why used, i.e. no new knowledge/research 3 pts Less than 75% of references are older than 6 years. If a historical article (no new research since original published) did not state why used i.e. no new knowledge/research / 10 pts PICO Question 10 pts PICO question was answered. If unable to answer question based on evidence found, stated more research/evidence needed or identify future areas for future research 5 pts Answer to PICO question not clear or ambiguous. If unable to answer question based on evidence found, stated research/evidence needed or identify future areas for future research 2 pts PICO question was not answered. Did not state more research/evidence needed or identify future areas for future research / 10 pts CARS Criteria 9 pts Choose 1 main sources to discuss CARS criteria; discussed the author’s authenticity and reliability; discussed if the sources provides information that is up-to-date, factual, detailed, and comprehensive; discussed if the information is fair, objective, moderate, and consistent; discussed how many sources support the resource. 6 pts Only discussed 80% of CARS criteria: author’s authenticity and reliability; discussed if the sources provides information that is up-to-date, factual, detailed, and comprehensive; discussed if the information is fair, objective, moderate, and consistent; discussed how many sources support the resource. 3 pts Discussed 50% CARS criteria; discussed the author’s authenticity and reliability; discussed if the sources provides information that is up-to-date, factual, detailed, and comprehensive; discussed if the information is fair, objective, moderate, and consistent; discussed how many sources support each resource. / 9 pts Health Disparity Etiology & Disease 10 pts Identified a minimum of 3 factors that may cause or contribute to the health disparity (besides individual choice; ethnicity, gender, class, environment, pollution, education, access to healthcare etc.) ethical principles, & why disparity should be addressed 7 pts Identified a minimum of 2 factors that may cause or contribute to the health disparity (besides individual choice; ethnicity, gender, class, environment, pollution, education, access to healthcare etc.) ethical principles, & why disparity should be addressed 5 pts Identified 1 factor that may cause or contribute to the health disparity (besides individual choice; ethnicity, gender, class, environment, pollution, education, access to healthcare etc.) ethical principles, & why disparity should be addressed / 10 pts Health Disparity Interventions 10 pts Discussed 3 interventions that may improve the health of the ethnic group or reduce the health disparity. Include interventions at the nursing level, organizational and policy/social levels 7 pts Discussed 2 interventions that may improve the health of the ethnic group or reduce the health disparity. Include interventions at the nursing level, organizational and policy/social levels 3 pts Discussed 1 intervention that may improve the health of the ethnic group or reduce the health disparity. Include interventions at the nursing level, organizational and policy/social levels 0 pts Did not discuss any interventions / 10 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeInformatics & Technology: 7 view longer description threshold: 1 2 pts Exceeds Expectations 1 pts Meets Expectations 0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations / 2 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeProfessionalism & Leadership: 9 view longer description threshold: 1 2 pts Exceeds Expectations 1 pts Meets Expectations 0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations / 2 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeProfessionalism & Leadership: 10 view longer description threshold: 1 2 pts Exceeds Expectations 1 pts Meets Expectations 0 pts Does Not Meet Expectations / 2 pts Article uploaded 7 pts Uploaded all 3 articles used in the research 5 pts Uploaded 2 articles used 3 pts Uploaded 1 articles used in article 0 pts did not upload any articles used in the research / 7 pts References Page 7 pts 100% of references are listed in the correct APA format. 5 pts Less than 100% to 75% of references are properly formatted on reference page. 2 pts Less than 75% of references are listed in correct APA format on reference page. 1 pts Less than 50% of references are listed in correct APA format on reference page.
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