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Please give refrence for each answers in APA7STYLEREREFERNCING PLEASE PUT CORRECT NUMBER FOR THE ANSWERS. General questions Review the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standards.[1] Briefly discuss the two (2) standards that relate specifically to wounds and infections (including pressure injuries) that organisations must use to shape policies and procedures for wound care. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. Outline four (4) different time periods where progress or change has occurred in wound management strategies. (start in early Egyptian times and progress to current times). ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.Outline three (3) conditions or environments microorganisms need to cause/contaminate a wound. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4.Identify two (2) common fungal infections that may cause/contaminate a wound and identify a major reservoir for each. Common fungal infection Major reservoir 2. 5.Identify two (3) common viral infections that may cause/contaminate a wound and identify a major reservoir for each. Common viral infection Major reservoir 1. 2. 3. 6.Briefly outline the different between an acute and chronic wound. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7.Review the following case studies and select if you think it is either an Acute or Chronic wound. Case studies Acute Chronic Sam had a motor bike accident 24 hours ago and sustained a leg wound that required stitches, there is serous discharge coming from the wound. ??? ??? 6 weeks later Sam’s leg wound has an area where there is thick yellowish drainage into the dressing. ??? ??? A 55-year-old woman was admitted to the surgical ward for exploration of a persistent sinus on the lower left leg. An ultrasound examination showed a cavity suspected to be an abscess, which was then explored and drained ??? ??? A 65-year-old gentleman was operated with abdominoperineal rectal excision and a sigmoid ostomy. Ten days later total wound dehiscence and evisceration (bowel contents protruding through the abdominal wall). Abdomen had to be left open collecting small bowel contents in a specially designed fistula bag. The patient went home with ongoing wound dressings over a period of 3 months. ??? ??? 8.Outline three (3) principles of wound management. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9.Match the wound type from Table A with the characteristics in Table B. Table A Wound type Arterial ulcers Skin tears Pressure ulcer Traumatic Diabetic ulcers Fistula and sinuses malignant wounds Venous ulcers Skin grafts Mixed ulcers Table B Ulcer type Characteristic Lack of arterial blood supply caused by peripheral arterial disease, may present as a wound with Well-demarcated edges, black or necrotic tissue, dry ulcer bed, with a deep, pale base. Defect in the dermis of the lower leg often related to underlying venous disease- may present as a wound with uneven edges, ruddy granulation tissue, slough in wound bed Caused by trauma or pressure secondary to neuropathy or vascular disease related to diabetes mellitus. Resulting in lower skin temperature and a decrease in transcutaneous oxygen tension at the skin. Caused by pressure which destroys soft tissue. May present as pink to black colour of wound bed. Caused by the infiltration of the skin by a local tumour such as a squamous-cell carcinoma or melanoma; haematological malignancy such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; or metastatic spread from a primary tumour, for example, breast cancer where metastasis occurs along tissue planes, capillaries or lymph vessels Abnormal passage between two or more epithelialized surfaces, a communication tract develops from one hollow organ to another hollow organ allowing the loss of nutrients, fluids, and/or secretions. A physical injury resulting in lacerations, punctures or abrasions to the skin. Injuries caused by a variety of mechanical forces, such as shearing, friction. The skin injury can present as a laceration or skin flap, with separation of epidermis and/or dermis Generally, harvests the individuals own undamaged skin to cover areas of damage. Often a combination of venous and arterial ulcers. All of the patients outlined in the following case studies will require a comprehensive assessment of their skin and wounds. 10.Identify five (5) factors included in a skin assessment and five (5) factors included in a wound assessment. Skin Assessment 2. 3. 4. 5. Wound assessment 2. 3. 4. 5. 11.Identify three (3) common problems and complications of wound healing. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12.Jack Sparrow has a surgical wound with a Bellovac drainage system. Identify four (4) interventions nurses need to note in regard to post operative management of a surgical drain and wound drainage systems. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Mr Jones who has a history of chronic venous disease and leg ulcers has returned from theatre after hip surgery and is fitted with elastic compression stockings (TED) and sequential compression device (SCDs). 13.Outline the benefit of elastic compression stockings (TED) and sequential compression device (SCDs) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14.Outline 4 relevant factors the Enrolled nurse must consider when developing an individualised wound care plan (in conjunction with the RN). ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Many patients with a wound will need ongoing support in terms of wound management, lifestyle changes and prevention. 15.Provide two (2) names and contact / URL details for each of the following organisations that are associated with wound management and prevention. Organisations Names and contact / URL details Local community organisations associated with wound management and prevention. 2. Australian educational resource organisations associated with wound management and prevention. 3. 4. Professional Australian organisations associated with wound management and prevention. 5. 6. Case study 1 Infected Surgical Wound (relates to questions 16 – 24) Ms Joyce Barns is a 58-year-old female, admitted to the orthopaedic ward following a total right knee replacement. Post Staples were the method of wound closure. Ms Barns’ medical history states she is a heavy smoker, has osteoarthritis, is overweight, and a type 2 diabetic. Day 4 post-op: Joyce complains of pain in her right knee, she is febrile 38.7C and an increase in discharge from her wound on her dressings is apparent. On removal of the wound dressings, the wound appeared reddened and inflamed; staples are insitu; an open 1.3cm gap at the lower end of the wound was obvious and is oozing purulent fluid. A wound swab is taken, and results show a Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. On reading the surgeons’ instructions: “Antibiotics to be commenced; Wound cavity to be dressed daily with dressing as directed by wound specialist. Ms Barns is reviewed by the wound management nurse who documented the following: “Nursing: Wound to heal by secondary intention. Wound cavity measures 13mm long x 10mm wide and 8mm deep, extending to the subcutaneous tissue layer. Wound bed consists of 100% granulation tissue; is malodorous and is oozing a moderate amount of haemopurulent exudate. Staples to remain insitu until day 10 post-op”. 16.Surgical wounds are caused as part of a surgical intervention that involves an incision or intentional break in the skin (eg perforation). Outline four (4) classifications of surgical wounds. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 17.Chronic illnesses can impact the body’s wound healing processes. Discuss the effect of poorly controlled diabetes on wound healing. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18. The doctor has requested a wound swab for microbiology and cytology (MC&S). Outline the steps for collecting this swab. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. This question has two (2) parts. Both parts must be attempted to support a successful result. 19a) Describe the difference between a contaminated and an infected wound. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. b)Identify five (5) clinical manifestations of a wound infection. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20.To whom do you refer to in regard to interpreting and evaluating Joyces wound specimen results. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. You have been asked by the RN to redo Joyces wound dressings following the medical officer’s review. This requires wound cleaning and the use of the non-touch aseptic technique. 21.Outline the importance of wound cleaning and one (1) example of a common wound cleaning solution. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22.In regard to non-touch aseptic techniques, state what each of the following mean. “The key part” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. “The key site” ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 23.Outline four (4) principles of the aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT??) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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