Get Answer: Picot Question Capstone Question Guide
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Original Question
The PICOT question for my capstone project change proposal is: How does providing education and training on hand hygiene to all nurses impact patient outcomes in a healthcare facility? Patients and care providers in-home care settings can prevent infections by maintaining hand hygiene compared to infections caused by poor hand hygiene . All of the patients in this clinical area are members of a medical facility’s staff of nurses. The clinical concern is that nurses do not always follow hand hygiene recommendations, which can contribute to infection spread. Hand hygiene education and training for all nurses is the solution to this problem. The quality of patient care has improved as a result of nurses adhering to hand hygiene guidelines, which helps to keep infections from spreading. Being infected less frequently helps the healthcare agency. Nurses that are taught in hand hygiene improve the practice of nursing. Population(P) – The patient population in this clinical area is all nurses in a healthcare facility. Intervention(I) – The intervention used to address the problem is providing education and training on hand hygiene to all nurses. Comparison(C) – A comparison of the nursing intervention to a patient population not currently receiving the nursing intervention is not currently available. Outcome(O) – The outcome of providing education and training on hand hygiene to all nurses is that nurses are following guidelines for hand hygiene, which helps to prevent the spread of infection. Time(T) – The time frame needed to implement the change process. Population (P) = Patients and care providers in-home care setting Intervention (I) = Maintaining hand hygiene Comparison: Infections caused by poor hand hygiene. Outcome (O) = Infections prevention Time ( T) Duration with in 5 weeks Evidence-based solution Research has proved that maintaining hand hygiene is essential as poor hand hygiene can cause infections that are spread through touch. Infections are spread fast as people like to touch their mouth, nose, and eyes without understanding the risk they put themselves into. They risk themselves to infections such as influenza. However, evidence-based practice concerning hand hygiene has proven that maintaining proper hygiene is essential to reduce infections and related diseases that result from poor hand hygiene. For example, cleaning hands with soaps and water is crucial to preventing illnesses that result from poor hand hygiene. Many lives worldwide would be saved if only all people would embrace washing their hands regularly because infections from poor hand hygiene cause many deaths annually (Stadler & Tschudin-Sutter, 2020). Nursing Intervention Healthcare organizations have championed the urgency for people to embrace and maintain hand hygiene. Thus has been achieved through mass education of the importance of maintaining proper hand hygiene (de Kraker et al., 2022). The several interventions that have been suggested by many healthcare organizations towards maintaining hand hygiene are as follows: Washing hands by using soap and running water. Rubbing your hands and cover all the surfaces.Rinsing your hands through running water. Drying your hands by using a paper towel. Change in ways of maintaining hand hygiene should be implemented, and people should embrace washing their hands regularly and use hand sanitizers more often(de Kraker et al., 2022). Patient care Patient care in hand hygiene is crucial in preventing patient infections. Maintaining hand hygiene prevents both the patient and the care provider from being exposed to infections and related diseases, including influenza. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to maintain hand hygiene and be educated on washing their hands properly. Also, providing sanitizers in the home care settings can help boost the efforts of maintaining hand hygiene because it kills germs that a person may have gotten from touching a surface, preventing infections to themselves and others (Stadler & Tschudin-Sutter, 2020). For care providers, they should maintain hand hygiene by doing the following: Washing their hands before and after touching patients Washing their hands after touching the surroundings of a patient. Washing their hands regularly. Health care agency Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requires all healthcare personnel to maintain hand hygiene in accordance with their recommendations. The agency has aimed at ensuring that all the healthcare personnel understands the importance of maintaining hand hygiene in fighting infections and related diseases and how this can positively impact the health of the general population (Quilliam et al., 2018). Nursing practice The issue of hand hygiene has been associated with infection in-home care settings because many patients in those settings do not understand the importance of proper hand hygiene and the risk that poor hand hygiene poses to them. Infections such as influenza have been spread in-home care settings due to poor hand hygiene. To ensure that infections are prevented in the home care settings, there should be use of hand sanitizers and also the patients should be educated on how to regularly wash their hands to maintain hand hygiene. Most healthcare professionals including nurses and doctors do not value hand hygiene protocols, and hence end up posing health risks to patients in different healthcare facilities. There is minimal compliance to the international standards guidelines for hand hygiene. The few healthcare professionals who work within the intensive care unit within hospitals demonstrated high compliance rates for the hand washing technique outlined in the guidelines (Gould.et.al, 2017).The articles in the evaluation table focused on hand hygiene for patients and caregivers in the home care setting in order to prevent infections. Five studies described, assessed, and analyzed health care providers’ hand hygiene compliance, as well as the factors that influence compliance, such as personal, organizational, and cultural factors. Three studies, on the other hand, looked at the effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions using a multimodal approach that included system change, educational activities, workplace reminders, and the institutional safety climate. Furthermore, how it can be improved to improve patient and health-care provider compliance (Engdaw et al. 2019; Khodadadi, E. 2018; Fredj et al. 2020; Sands & Aunger, 2020; Mohaithef, M. 2020; Othman & Jonker, 2018; Kaveh & Motamed-Jahromi, 2021; Clancy et al. 2021). Comparison of Research Questions In the study by Engdaw et al. (2019), Khodadadi, E. (2018), Sands & Aunger, (2020), Mohaithef, M. (2020), Othman & Jonker, (2018), their research question was to evaluate hand hygiene compliance and related factors among health care providers. Three of the five studies looked at how factors like demographics, knowledge, attitude, religion, culture, personal, and organizational factors influence hand hygiene compliance and practices. Similarly, two studies looked at assessing hand hygiene compliance and describing the number or rate of health care providers who adhere to hand hygiene. Furthermore, the other three studies described and evaluated which strategies would be required to improve hand hygiene practices, as well as how current practices could be enhanced to improve compliance (Fredj et al. 2020; Kaveh & Motamed-Jahromi, 2021; Clancy et al. 2021) Comparison of Sample Populations Six of the eight studies included a sample population, while two were systematic reviews of journals. The participants in the six studies were mostly nurses who worked in public primary and general hospitals, intensive care units, and university hospitals. Meanwhile, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMbase, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were used to collect data for the two systematic reviews. Comparison of Limitations of Studies Because the majority of the studies used a self-reported questionnaire, the study’s limitations were due to factors like beliefs, values, experience, and specialization. Similarly, they were either conducted in a public or private hospital/institution, and the researchers acknowledged that differences in the environment and equipment could have influenced the results, implying that there is not enough data for generalizability and a lack of studies. Conclusion incorporating recommendations for further research In conclusion, the studies found that good communication and awareness of factors that affect hand hygiene practices are helpful in increasing health care providers’ compliance. Similarly, policies, strategies, and equipment must be developed in order to ensure that hand hygiene is maintained in a powerful and effective manner in order to prevent infections. Nowhere has the decline in concern about hygiene been more evident than in the home and community. Good hand hygiene is an important aspect of protecting yourself and others from infection transmission. It is one of the most effective ways to prevent home care-associated infection rates. Failure to perform appropriate hand hygiene is considered to be the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections and spread of multi-resistant organisms such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)[3] and has been recognized as a substantial contributor to outbreaks. (CDC) Washing hands with soap and water is recommended for visibly soiled hands and is the best way to get rid of germs in most situations. If soap and water are not readily available, you can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. (CDC) These sanitizers are the most efficacious agents for reducing the number of bacteria and viruses on hands and are recommended for routine decontamination of hands for all clinical indications, except when hands are visibly soiled. Clean hands are a simple effective approach to reducing the spread of infections from one person to another and throughout an entire community – from your home and workplace to childcare facilities and hospitals. Importance of Hand Hygiene Normal human skin is colonized with microorganisms which, although varying considerably from person to person, are often relatively constant for any specific person. On the hands, there are two categories of flora. Use the information above for the questions below Assessment Description Pull together the capstone project change proposal components above to proposal inclusive of sections for each content focus area in the course. For this project, apply evidence-based research steps and processes required as the foundation to address a clinically oriented problem or issue in future practice. Develop project that includes the following information as it applies to the problem when caring for adults, middle-aged or elderly in a home care environment does requires standard hygiene which will lead to decreased infection rate compared to hygiene which will result in decrease in home care acquired infection with in 5 week issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal: 1, Background 2, Clinical problem statement. 3, Purpose of the change proposal in relation to providing patient care in the changing health care system. 4, PICOT question. 5, Literature search strategy employed. 6, Evaluation of the literature. 7, Applicable change or nursing theory utilized. 8, Proposed implementation plan with outcome measures. 9, Discussion of how evidence-based practice was used in creating the intervention plan. 10, Plan for evaluating the proposed nursing intervention. 11, Identification of potential barriers to plan implementation, and a discussion of how these could be overcome.
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