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Discussion 1 Identify two intended outcomes of the therapy services offered at the People First organization. People First San Diego provides many different kinds of services to individuals and families seeking assistance, including transitional housing, employment help, and therapy services (Walden University, 2022). Two intended outcomes of the therapy services offered would be to help individuals and families feel empowered in their lives and alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as it is highly prevalent among the homeless population already and increases the likelihood of homelessness (Ayano, Solomon, Tsegay, Yohannes, & Abraha, 2020). By addressing and treating the symptoms of these mental health disorders through therapy interventions and support, individuals and families experiencing homelessness will have better psychological health and will have an increased chance of success in getting jobs, maintaining housing, and other areas (Bodley-Scott, Ward, Tarabay, Fagamigbe, Barker, & Maguire, 2024). Then, describe an evidence-based instrument you could use to measure these outcomes. How would you use the tool to determine the extent to which the services are effective? An evidence-based instrument to measure these outcomes would be the PCL-5, which is a 20-item self-report tool used to screen, measure, assess, and monitor symptoms of PTSD over treatment (Weathers, Litz, Keane, Palmieri, Marx, & Schnurr, 2013). I would administer the measure at the beginning of treatment, then again using the monthly version once a month to monitor changes in symptom patterns and determine if services are effective (Easton, 2024). What would you do if you learned the services were not as effective as hoped? I would adjust my approach if I learned that the services were not as effective as hoped. The therapeutic alliance is the most essential aspect of therapy. It must be person-centered, collaborative, strategic, founded on trust, empathy, open communication, and aligned with the individual’s needs, wants, and values (Opland & Torrico, 2024). This would require me to regularly check in with the client, asking them what they feel is working/not working, how they feel treatment is going, and what changes they would like to make. I would also staff with colleagues and my supervisor or mentor regularly to get feedback on alternative methods to try. How would the results influence your work as a leader in the organization? These results would influence my work as a leader by giving me insight into the needs and wants of the community members, improving materials to better meet those needs and wants, identifying program barriers/weaknesses to set priorities for improved staff training and development, and incorporating stakeholders to achieve greater outcomes (University of Kansas Center for Community Health and Development, n.d.). Discussion 2 Evaluating Program Effectiveness: Measuring Outcomes in Therapy Services at People First San Diego Determining the “success” of a social work program involves assessing whether the intended outcomes are being met through reliable, evidence-based methods. At People First San Diego, the therapy services provided aim to improve clients’ mental health stability and enhance their coping mechanisms in response to trauma and daily life stressors (People First San Diego, n.d.). As a leader, identifying measurable outcomes and evaluating their progress is essential not only for accountability but also for service improvement and resource allocation. Intended Outcomes and Evidence-Based Instruments Two primary intended outcomes of the therapy services at People First San Diego include: Reduction in depression symptoms. Improvement in emotional regulation and coping skills. To measure the reduction in depression symptoms, I would use the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a widely validated and reliable screening tool used to assess the severity of depression and monitor changes over time (Kroenke et al., 2001). It consists of nine items that reflect the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, rated on a scale of 0 to 3. To measure improvement in emotional regulation, I would use the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), which assesses individuals’ typical levels of emotional dysregulation across multiple domains such as impulse control and emotional awareness (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). Application and Leadership Implications These tools would be administered at the start of therapy and at regular intervals (e.g., every four weeks) to track client progress and determine program effectiveness. The data collected would be analyzed to identify patterns, such as percentage reductions in depressive symptoms or increased scores in emotional regulation capacities. If results showed that the services were not as effective as expected, I would engage in a collaborative review with clinical staff to identify potential causes—such as misalignment between the treatment model and client needs, staff training gaps, or barriers to service access. Program adjustments might include implementing additional evidence-based interventions, increasing clinical supervision, or altering session frequency or delivery methods. As a leader, the results would inform decisions about staff development, resource distribution, and program redesign. Moreover, outcome data would be used in strategic planning and grant applications, reinforcing a culture of continuous quality improvement and evidence-based practice (Dudley, 2020). Respond to at least two colleagues by providing respectful feedback on their chosen instrument and/or process. Provide another way in which the results might influence their work as a leader. PLEASE RESPOND TO EACH ONE SEPARATELY AND USE IN TEXT CITATIONS AND REFERENCES. REFERENCES ARE BELOW. Nelson, K. (2020, October 30). Impact measurement: How to measure your nonprofit’s impactLinks to an external site.. Candid. https://blog.candid.org/post/impact-measurement-how-to-measure-your-nonprofits-impact University of Kansas Center for Community Health and Development. (n.d.). A framework for program evaluation: A gateway to toolsLinks to an external site.. Community Tool Box. https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/evaluate/evaluation/framework-for-evaluation/main Walden University Library. (n.d.). Tests & measuresLinks to an external site.. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/testsmeasures

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