Case Exemplar Patient Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
Students often encounter this when studying fundamental concepts.
What This Question Is About
This question relates to case exemplar patient and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Structure your response with introduction, analysis, and conclusion.
Key Explanation
This topic involves case exemplar patient. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.
Original Question
CASE EXEMPLAR: Patient With Altered Mental Status AD is a 79-year-old woman brought from a nursing home to the emergency department for evaluation of altered mental status. The staff has noticed changes evolving over the past few weeks, but now she is unable to eat or take fluids without assistance. About 1 month ago she was able to feed herself. The clinician covering the long-term care facility is worried about the need for enteral or parenteral feedings. Past Medical History • Hypertension • Hyperlipidemia • Hypothyroidism • Allergic rhinitis • Urinary tract infection • Osteoarthritis • Presbycusis • Constipation/diarrhea intermittently Medications • Lisinopril, 20 mg orally once daily • Atenolol, 50 mg orally once daily • Lovastatin, 20 mg orally once daily • Hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg orally once daily • Cetirizine, 10 mg orally once daily • Levothyroxine, 100 mcg orally once daily • Diphenoxylate/atropine, 2.5 mg orally every 12 hours as needed for diarrhea • Melatonin, 5 mg orally before bed • Acetaminophen, 500 mg 2 tablets orally every 6 hours as needed for pain • Diphenhydramine, 25 mg orally every 6 hours as needed for agitation • Amoxicillin/clavulanate, 500 mg/125 mg orally three times a day for a recent bladder infection • Lorazepam, 1 mg orally before bed as needed for sleep • Multivitamin Physical Examination • Blood pressure: 82/50; pulse: 108; respiration rate: 16; temperature 97.2 °F • Cachectic female without contractures • Awake but nonresponsive • Lungs: Bilateral scattered rhonchi • Heart regular rate and rhythm, grade I systolic murmur • Stage I decubitus ulcer over the coccyx Labs and Imaging • Complete blood count (CBC): Normal • Albumin: 2.8 mg/dL Discussion Questions 1. What is the clinician’s first step in caring for this patient? 2. What laboratory tests should the clinician order? 3. The patient’s renal and hepatic functions are relatively normal, but her albumin is low. How will this affect her medication regimen?
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