Carrie Twenty Year Assignment Help: How to Answer This Question

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Original Question

Carrie, a twenty year old is waiting impatiently for Dr. Berch to enter the exam room. She was tired of not feeling like herself and being so stressed about it. She was particularly tired of how her eyes seemed to bulge outward, so much that her 9-year-old brother had started calling her “Bug Eyes.” Dr. Berch enters the room and greets Carrie. Dr. Berch pulls up his stool and takes a seat in front of her. “Carrie, your blood pressure and pulse are elevated. You’ve lost weight without trying, you have difficulty sleeping, you perspire more than usual and you’ve had continuing bouts of diarrhea. Those things, combined with the swelling in the front of your neck, suggest that you may be suffering from more than the normal stress of college life. I think we need to run some blood tests to check your thyroid function.” Carrie blinked in surprise. “All of those things can be caused by a problem with my thyroid? Even the way my eyes look?” Dr. Berch nodded. “Your thyroid secretes several hormones that have widespread and varied effects. The protrusion of your eyes is a condition called exophthalmos – it is an inflammatory response to abnormal levels of thyroid hormones. The fact that you have this condition in addition to your other symptoms makes me fairly certain this is a thyroid problem.” Carrie hoped Dr. Berch was right. Having a medical explanation for her symptoms would mean that she wasn’t losing her mind. Several days later, Krista met again with Dr. Berch. “Let’s talk about your test results,” he said. “Your thyroid hormone levels are elevated, but your level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is lower than it should be. Those results suggest that you probably have Graves’ disease, which means that your thyroid is overactive. But there’s good news too—this is a condition that we can treat relatively easily.” Carrie felt a twinge of relief at the doctor’s words, but a flurry of questions poured out of her mouth. “What made my thyroid go crazy? And what is TSH? If it’s a thyroid hormone, why is it low instead of high like everything else? And what kind of treatment do I need? Will it fix my thyroid? Will I…” Dr. Berch laughed and held up his hand to stop the barrage of questions. “Hold on, Carrie. I’ll explain everything, and with the right treatment, your brother may not be able to call you ‘Bug Eyes’ much longer.” – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. What are the two hormones commonly referred to as “thyroid hormone” and what are their general actions? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Why would an overactive thyroid cause Carrie’s weight loss, sweating, and elevated heart rate? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Carrie wonders if TSH is a “thyroid hormone,” and Dr. Burch explains that it is not. State the action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and name the gland that secretes it. – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. How is the secretion of TSH regulated under normal conditions? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. In Graves’ disease, the immune system can stimulate TSH receptors on the thyroid gland. What effect does this have on Carries’s thyroid? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Why is Carrie’s TSH level low instead of high? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. If Carrie had been diagnosed with hypothyroidism, what would happen to her levels of TSH and thyroid hormone? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. A common treatment for Graves’ disease involves ingesting a dose of radioactive iodine, which slowly destroys the thyroid gland. Why are other tissues unaffected? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. With Graves Disease, if it were to be left untreated, What would happen to Carre? – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Left untreated, Carrie’s Thyroid would swell and increase in size. This is known as a? A. Excessive levels of thyroid hormone increase metabolic rate above normal, which will cause weight loss.Body temperature will also be elevated, causing an increase in sweat glad secretion. The greater demand for oxygen to support the increased metabolism will result in an elevated heart rate. B. The thyroid gland readily takes up iodine in order to produce its hormones. Other glands and tissues do not take up iodine and are therefore unaffected by the radioactivity. C. the anterior pituitary gland is known as the master gland of the endocrine system. It secretes many hormones that affect glands all over the body. One of those hormones is TSH. Throid stimulating hormone stimulates the Thyroid gland to secrete its hormones. D. negative feedback. The anterior pituitary responds to low thyroid hormone levels by increasing TSH secretion. The hypothalamus also detects low thyroid hormone and increases the secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which then stimulates the anterior pituitary to increase secretion of TSH. High levels of thyroid hormone will have the opposite effects on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland in order to lower the levels of TSH. E. Goiter F. antibodies have the ability to mimic TSH, which stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone, even in the absence of TSH. G. the amount of TSH circulating in the body is determined by negative feedback from levels of circulating thyroid hormone. Low levels of thyroid hormone are a signal to the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH in order to increase thyroid hormone. Carrie’s level of thyroid hormone is high, which inhibits the secretion of TSH in an attempt to reduce thyroid hormone secretion. However, the antibodies stimulate the release of excess thyroid hormone regardless of how much TSH is present. H. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid. Most thyroid hormone is secreted as T4 and converted in target cells to the more potent T3 form by removing one iodine atom. T3 binds to receptors in the nucleus to alter gene transcription, which has a variety of actions depending on the target cell. The primary action of thyroid hormone is to increase the body’s metabolic rate, which in turn increases body temperature. This requires more oxygen so the heart rate and contractility also increase. Thyroid hormone is also required for normal development and growth of bone, muscle, connective tissue and the nervous system. I. the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient amounts of thyroid hormone. The low levels of thyroid hormone produce an increase in TSH secretion, which should then stimulate the thyroid gland. However, the thyroid gland fails to respond to the TSH so TSH levels remain elevated and thyroid hormone levels are low. J. Once the disorder has been correctly diagnosed, it is quite easy to treat. In some cases, Graves’ disease goes into remission or disappears completely after several months or years. Left untreated, however, it can lead to serious complications, even death.

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