Body Temperature Discuss Explained for Students (Easy Guide)

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Original Question

Body Temperature 1. Discuss the significance of the temperature, elevations in temperature, and its relation to other vitals. 2. Parameters a. Differentiate normal from abnormal. b. Identify differences in obtaining the oral, axillary, temporal, otic, and rectal temperatures. 3. Identify and discuss factors that cause deviations in the temperature. 4. Discuss the clinical manifestations of a fever. 1. Identify and describe with rationales nursing interventions for patients with fever and hypothermia. 5. Demonstrate the skill of obtaining the temperature in the lab setting. C. Pulse 1. Define the generation of the pulse. a. Identify pulse sites and rationale for each site’s use. b. Discuss the significance of the pulse rate and its relation to other vital sign measures. c. Identify the factors that influence the pulse rate (age, exercise, position changes, medication, temperature, sympathetic stimulation, and emotional state). d. Discuss each pulse descriptor (rate, rhythm, volume, and bilateral equality). D. Apical Pulse 1. Identify the location of the apical pulse rate. 2. Discuss the significance of the sound at the apical heart rate (Lub-Dub). 3. Discuss the use and purpose of determining an apical-radial pulse. 4. Discuss the clinical signs of cardiovascular alterations (dyspnea, fatigue/weakness, pallor, cyanosis, palpitations, syncope, and altered tissue perfusion) E. Respiration 1. Define inhalation/inspiration and exhalation/expiration. a. Discuss gas exchange between oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). b. Identify the three processes of respiration-ventilation, diffusion, and perfusion). 2. Identify and discuss factors affecting the respiratory rate. a. Identify altered breathing patterns. b. Identify and discuss pertinent laboratory values affecting respirations: 1. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) 2. Pulse oximetry 3. Red Blood Cell, Hemoglobin, and Hematocrit. 4. Record rate and character of respiration on graphic and nurse’s notes. 3. Pulse Oximetry a. Discuss the significance of the oxygen saturation measurement. b. Identify the parameters for the oxygen saturation. c. Identify conditions that decrease blood flow. d. Define the use and purpose of oxygen therapy. e. Compare and contrast hypoxemia and hypoxia. 1. Identify signs and symptoms associated with hypoxia and hypoxemia. f. Identify factors related to the selection of the different types of oxygen delivery systems. g. Compare and contrast the different types of oxygen flow: 1. Low Flow 2. High Flow 4. Demonstrate obtaining the respiratory rate in the lab setting. F. Blood Pressure 1. Define the blood pressure and its components. a. Discuss the significance of the systolic and diastolic pressures and their impact on the heart. 2. Discuss determinants of blood pressure (blood volume, blood viscosity, arterial wall, and systemic vascular resistance). 3. Compare and contrast variables that affect blood pressure (cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, blood volume, viscosity, elasticity, medication. 4. Discuss the pathophysiology behind hypertension. a. Define the guidelines for diagnosis of hypertension. b. Discuss the JNC-8 in relation to hypertension guidelines. 5. Identify the purpose of equipment use in obtaining blood pressure. 6. Identify complications of poorly controlled hypertension. 7. Blood Pressure Procedure 1. Preliminary systolic pressure 2. Correct and incorrect aspects of obtaining the blood pressure. 3. Measurement and placement of cuff. 4. Factors that may cause false readings (crossed legs, clothing). 8. Demonstrate accurate performance and documentation of the blood pressure on a graphics sheet. G. Hypotension 1. Define hypotension and parameters for determination. 2. Define orthostatic or postural hypotension. 3. Discuss the pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension. 4. Identify potential complications of hypotension and appropriate nursing interventions. H. Pain 1. Pain assessment 2. Joint Commission Pain Standards 3. Acute vs Chronic pain-behavioral characteristics 4. Discuss the different types of pain relief a. Opioid b. Non-opioid c. Adjuvant 5. Nonpharmacological Pain Modalities Kozier & Erb Box 29-2-Interventions for a fever, p. 481 Box 29-3-Interventions for Clients with Hypothermia, p. 481 Perry & Potter, Box 5.1 & 5.2, p. 70 Perry & Potter, Box 5.3, p. 71

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