Background Year Female Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
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Original Question
BACKGROUND An 84-year-old female is brought in by family with complaints of increased confusion and lethargy. Patient usually lives alone and is fully functional. Son reports that she has been increasingly confused and sleeping a lot at home. Son denies any fever. Patient complains of pain “all over” and responds to repeated questions with “I think I’m sick” VITAL SIGNS BP 105/64, HR 115, RR 24, T 96°F, SpO2 92% Room Air Patient is alert, and oriented to person but thinks is it 1990 PMH: HTN: Metoprolol DM: Insulin Other meds: ASA, Calcium RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE Correct! Initial 12 lead EKG to assess myocardial function CBC to assess WBC and potential anemia BMP to assess electrolyte disturbance and potential for DKA Urinalysis to assess for potential infection Chest x-ray to asses for potential infection RESULTS OF INDICATED TESTS Complete Blood Count (CBC) WBC 3.4 k/UL Hgb 9.3 g/dL Hct 28% Platelets 250 k/UL Differential Neutrolphil 90% Bands 10% Eosinophil 0% Basophil 0% Lymphocyte 2% Monocyte 3% Basic Metabolic Profile (BMP) Na+ 132mEq/L K+ 3.7mEq/L HCO3 27mEq/L Cl- 101mEq/L Glucose 1766 mg/dL BUN 55 mg/dL Creatinine 2.0 mg/dL Urinalysis (U/A) Color Yellow Clarity Dark/Cloudy Sp gravity 1.042 pH 6.2 Total Protein negative Glucose positive Ketone negative Bilirubin negative Hematuria positive Leuk. Est. +++ Nitrite +++ Urinalysis shows hematuria, positive nitrate, positive leukocyte esterase which all are indicative of a UTI. Elderly frequently have a low WBC and low body temperature in the presence infection. Chest x-ray is clear and EKG shows tachycardia but no arrhymia or myocardial hyposia. The patient remains confused and is becoming more lethargic. Follow up BP is 82/42. Serum lactate level is 4.5. What is your diagnosis now? SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) requires the presence of two of the four factors: • Temperature less than 36.0 C or greater than 38.0 C • Heart rate greater than 90 BPM • Respiratory rate > 24 breaths per minute or PaCO2 < 32 • WBC less than 4,000 or greater than 12,000; or Bandemia>10% To prepare: Reflect on the patient’s symptoms and aspects of disorders that may be present in the interactive media piece/branching exercise. Consider how you might assess, perform diagnostic tests, and recommend medications to treat patients presenting with the symptoms in the interactive media piece/branching exercise. You will be asked to develop a set of admission orders based on the patient in the branching exercise. The Assignment Using the Required Admission Orders Template, write a full set of admission orders for the patient in the branching exercise. Be sure to address each aspect of the order template and the orders as you would in the patient’s chart Make sure the order is applicable to the patient Any rationale you feel the need to supply should be done at the end of the order set – not included with the order We do not know what your protocol is and you need to demonstrate what is appropriate standard of care for this patient. A minimum of three current, evidenced based references are required.
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