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Advance Clinical Chemiste 9e. Briefly explain the meaning of the term acid base balance. 2. List the reference range for arterial and venous serum pH, pCO2, and pO2 , describe the quality control specimens used in the measurement, the acceptable specimen types and any precautions that must be followed during specimen collection and explain the effect on the pH, pCO2, and pO2 values if these precautions are not followed. 3. Describe the composition and function of the four chemical buffers active in the body. 4. State four factors which will affect the actual amount of gas diffusing in the lungs. 5. Calculate the gas pressure given the barometric pressure and % of gas. 6. Explain how pCO2, pH and pO2 affect the rate of respiration. 7. Draw the normal oxygen dissociation curve and describe how the ability of hemoglobin to bind O2 is affected by the pCO2, pH, temperature and the concentration of 2, 3 biphosphoglycerate 8. Define P50, describe and explain the appearance of the oxygen dissociation curve when the value for the P50 is elevated and decreased. 9. Describe with the aid of a diagram, the three ways in which the kidney regulates pH. 10. List the forms in which CO2 may be transported by the blood and calculate the H2CO3 concentration given the pCO2. 11. Define and list three different processes which may cause each of the following conditions: a. Respiratory acidosis b. Respiratory alkalosis c. Metabolic (Nonrespiratory) acidosis d. Metabolic (Nonrespiratory) alkalosis

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