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Original Question
Carefully read Article #1: McNaghten, A.D., Brewer, N.T, Hung, M.C., Lu, P.J., Daskalakis, D., Abad, N., et. al. (February 4, 2022). COVID-19 vaccination coverage and vaccine confidence by sexual orientation and gender identity – United States, August 29 – October 30, 2021. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report, 71 (5), 171-176. What was the authors’ main objective in conducting this study? In other words, why did they conduct the study? What did they aim to do or discover? (2 points) What was the unit of analysis for this study? Was it on the individual or group level? (1 point) Was this a descriptive study of the distribution of health-related statistics by person, place or time; or was it an analytic study of the association between one or more exposures with one or more outcomes? (1 point) What was the specific study design (ecologic, cross-sectional, or case-control) that the authors used? Explain how the way in which the study was designed tells you this. (4 points) What was the full name of the dataset? (1 point) Explain briefly how the data were collected. (2 points) Was the sample a probability or convenience sample? (1 point) What was the response rate? (1 point) Based only on the numbers in Table 1, how many people were in the final sample used for these analyses? (1 point) Take a close look at Table 1. What were the four “person” characteristics by which the respondents were classified? (4 points) Staying on Table 1, people were also separated into vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Vaccinated people were then further categorized into those with at least one shot versus those who were fully vaccinated. The unvaccinated were also further categorized according to their intentions to get vaccinated. Looking across by sex, what percentage of females and what percentage of males reported being fully vaccinated? (2 points) What percentage of females versus males reported that they did not intend to become vaccinated? (2 points) Now choose either sexual orientation or race/ethnicity. Identify the highest percentage category who reported being fully vaccinated, and the highest percentage category who reported not intending to get vaccinated. Include the numerical percentages of these highest groups. (2 points) Whereas Table 1 included everyone in the study, Table 2 only included a subgroup of the study. Which vaccination subgroup is included in Table 2? (1 point) Staying with Table 2, we see that instead of breaking people down by vaccination status and intent, people are categorized by sexual orientation, gender identity and sex, and then further divided by a number of other person and place characteristics. Among the total group, which category by sexual orientation and sex had the highest prevalence (percentage) receiving at least one shot against COVID-19? What was this percentage? (3 points) Now which group had the lowest prevalence? Include the prevalence figures in both your answers. (3 points) v Now look at Table 3. Here the total sample is examined by sexual orientation and gender identity, sex and various attitudes and experiences related to COVID-19 and the vaccine. There is an overall category, which includes all sexual orientations and gender identities. In this overall category, cite the prevalence proportions (percentages) to compare males and females on the following: Concerned about COVID-19 (2 points) Vaccine important to protect self (2 points) Had friends/family who were vaccinated (2 points) Health care provider recommended the vaccine (2 points). Staying on Table 3, ignoring sex, and including the actual prevalence figures in the answer, which sexual orientation/gender identity had the highest prevalence of: Being concerned about COVID-19 (2 points) Having confidence in vaccine safety (2 points) Believing the vaccine is important to protect self (2 points) Having friends/family who were vaccinated (2 points). What are the four main results that the authors mention? (4 points) In your own words, list one study strength or advantage, either mentioned by the authors or not. (2 points) In your own words, list one study limitation, either mentioned by the authors or not. (2 points) What is one implication of the results of this study either for possible directions that future research could take, or to inform public health practice? (2 points)
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