Will Individually Review Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)

Students often encounter this when studying fundamental concepts.

What This Question Is About

This question relates to will individually review and requires a structured academic response.

How to Approach This Question

Structure your response with introduction, analysis, and conclusion.

Key Explanation

This topic involves will individually review. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.

Original Question

You will individually review the lab topics and create either a 2-page infographic over the topic(s) OR a 2-page paper summarizing the information. Additionally, you will need to find one peer-reviewed research article covering one of the aspects from our lab topics. For this paper, I want you to type up a one-page summary of the study, how it was completed, the findings, and how it relates to equine care and management. Only answer and do what is in bold, all of the information you needis down below besides question. #2 1. Describe the process of preparing a sample for running a fecal egg count on a horse. (2 pts) We would start with using a plastic spoon or pop sickle stick to scoop off around 1 gram of feces and transfer it to a tiny glass vial. Then we will need to place the vial’s lid on after adding enough fecamed or sugar water to completely cover the sample. To disintegrate the sample and suspend parasite eggs, give it a good shake. You don’t want any chunks of fecal matter. After placing a piece of cheesecloth over the vial, strain the first vial into a fresh one so that you don’t have any leftover forage. Leaving the fibrous debris behind and only transferring the liquid is the aim. With a syringe or pipette, fill the second vial with the sugar water. After refilling, a bubble known as a meniscus should appear just above the vial’s upper edge. Attempt to keep air from getting beneath the slide by placing a cover slip over the meniscus. For about an hour, let the cover slip sit. Parasite eggs are able to stick to the cover slip and float to the top as a result. Place the wet side of the cover slip on the middle of the slide after carefully picking it off the vial straight up. The cover should be placed to prevent air bubbles from entering the viewing field. Place the cover slip at a 45° angle to the slide and carefully lower it until it rests on the slide to prevent air bubbles from entering the viewing field. Next, describe what you do under the microscope for the fecal egg count. (2 pts) You can put the slide together once the cover slip has had time to set up. Prepare the microscope for usage first. Write the horse’s name in permanent ink on the side of a fresh glass slide. Place the moist side down on the middle of the slide after carefully removing the cover slip from the vial straight up. Position the cover slip next to the slide and gradually lower it until it rests on the slide to prevent air bubbles from entering the viewing field. Next, position the slide onto the microscope’s stage. Focus the slide first using the low power magnifier. To search for parasite eggs, focus the slide using the low power magnification first, then use the medium power magnification. Move in a “row” across the slide from the upper left corner to the right. Go from right to left and descend to the following “row.” Continue doing this until you have scanned the entire slide. Finally, describe what findings we saw in our lab and how we interpreted each result. (i.e. how does the result impact management of the horse for internal parasites?) (2 pts) I was not in lab for this section. When discussing internal parasites with horses, describe what is meant by the following: (4 pts) Encysted State – the stage at which some parasites, such cyathostomins (tiny strongyles), are larvae and encased in cysts within the intestinal mucosa of horses. In this condition, they can evade detection in fecal egg counts and are frequently resistant to standard deworming treatments. Resistance – the capacity of parasites to endure and procreate in spite of previously successful deworming medications. It can result from the overuse or abuse of anthelmintics and reduces the effectiveness of therapies, therefore careful management and monitoring are required. Describe two advantages and two disadvantages of artificial insemination in horses when compared to live cover breeding. (2 pts) Advantages By minimizing the stallion and mare’s physical contact, artificial intelligence (AI) considerably lowers the possibility of damage that can arise during a natural mating. This is especially helpful for high-strung or valuable animals that may be more likely to get hurt or stressed out while under live cover. AI makes it possible for breeders to use the semen of stallions that are located far away or even abroad, increasing genetic variety and enhancing breeding operations by providing access to superior genetics without requiring the animals to be transported. Disadvantages This requires technological expertise to properly collect, handle, and inseminate semen. This frequently calls for the involvement of a qualified veterinarian or reproductive specialist, which could raise expenses and complicate matters. There are breed and regulatory restrictions, for historical or pedigree validation reasons, several breed registries or associations have rules that limit or forbid the use of AI, favoring conventional live cover. This can impact an offspring’s eligibility for registration or restrict participation in specific competitive events. When diluting equine semen into a breeding dose for cooled shipped semen, discuss the four rules that should be met. For each rule, give a rationale for why this rule exists. (4 pts) Need at least 1 billion progressively motile sperm (PMS) per dose (typically ship two doses, but not required). There should be between 40-60 mL of total fluid volume per dose (extender plus semen). A minimum of 3 parts extender to 1 part semen (3:1 dilution) is required, then add additional extender as desired or needed. Final concentration of extended dose should be 25-50 million spermatozoa per mL. The proper ratio of dilution: Justification: Preserves sperm viability while ensuring there are enough sperm per dose for a successful fertilization. Extender Use in conjunction with Antibiotics: Justification: Prevents bacterial growth and aids in preserving sperm viability throughout transportation. Temperature Control: Justification: In order to preserve sperm mobility and avoid temperature shock, semen should be cooled gradually to 5°C. Appropriate Packaging: Justification: In addition to maintaining the ideal temperature, proper insulation and padding guard against damage during shipping.

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