Pathophysiology Guided Notes Explained for Students (Easy Guide)

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Original Question

Pathophysiology Guided Notes Fluids and Electrolytes 8. Complete the following table: Electrolyte Alteration Lab Values How It Occurs (Causes) What It Looks Like (Clinical Manifestations) Treatment Hypernatremia Serum sodium >147 mEq/L Water deprivation/ water loss OR sodium retention, water shifting to extracellular space, intracellular dehydration and shrinking Thirst, fever, dry mucous membranes, hypotension, tachycardia, low JVP, restlessness. With CNS impacted: muscle twitching, hyperreflexia, confusion, coma, convulsions, and cerebral hemorrhage Isotonic, salt-free fluid Hyponatremia Serum sodium less then 135 mEq/L too much water or fluid in the body Hyperchloremia Hypochloremia Hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hypocalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Hypophosphatemia Hypermagnesemia Hypomagnesemia Acid-Base Balance 1. Describe the different types of buffering mechanisms in the body. 2. Complete the following table: Acid/Base Imbalance Associated Labs What Are the Causes of It? What Occurs in the Body? Clinical Manifestations Treatment Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Diagnostic Tests Complete the following table. Test Name/ Level Being Measured What Does It Test in Layman’s Terms? Normal Range What Do Abnormal Results Indicate? (Include Both Low and High When Applicable) pH paCO2 HC03 Sodium Potassium Chloride Anion Gap Magnesium Phosphate Calcium Serum Osmolality Urine Osmolality Urine Specific Gravity BUN Creatinine

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