Value Patho Range Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)

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Lab Value Patho Range/ Critical Value What’s Normal? What’s abnormal? Significance? Treatments Nursing Considerations 6 BUN Blood urea nitrogen: normal waste product resulting from the breakdown of proteins. Increased levels can indicate a kidney problem and be toxic in the body. 7-20 Elevated can indicate CHF, protein in GI tract, GI bleed, hypovolemia, heart attack, kidney disease, shock, and urinary obstruction. If decreased liver failure, low protein diet, hypervolemia, and malnutrition. 7 Creatinine End product of muscle metabolism solely filtered from the blood via glomerulus. 0.6-1.2 If elevated it can indicate acute tubular necrosis, dehydration, diabetic neuropathy, glomerular nephritis, kidney failure, muscular dystrophy, preeclampsia, pyelonephritis, shock CHF, if decreased it can indicate late stage muscular dystrophy or myasthenia gravis. 8 Potassium Potassium imbalance plays a vital role in cell metabolism, and transition of nerve impulses, the functioning of cardiac, lung, muscle tissues, and acid-base balance 3.5-5.0 Hyperkalemia >5 muscle cramps and weakness, urine abnormalities, urine abnormalities, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes Hypokalemia <3.5 thready, weak, irregular pulse, orthostatic pulse, shallow respirations, anxiety, lethargy, confusion, coma, paresthesia's, hyporeflexia, constipation For hyperkalemia: Monitor EKG, discontinue IV & PO potassium, initiate a potassium-restricted diet, potassium-excreting diuretics, prepare the client for dialysis, prepare for administration of calcium gluconate and IV sodium bicarb. For hypokalemia oral potassium supplements, liquid potassium chloride, potassium retaining diuretic. Potassium imbalance can cause cardiac dysrhythmias that can be life threatening. Potassium is never administered by IV push, IM, or subcut routes. IV potassium is always diluted and administered using an infusion device. 9 TSH 0.4-4.0 If elevated it can indicate hypothyroidism, if decreased it can indicate grave's disease, goiter, dopamine, iodine, imaging tests, chemotherapy, steroids or opioids. 10 Albumin 3.4-5.4 If elevated, it can indicate dehydration or high protein intake. If decreased it can indicate kidney disease, liver disease, bariatric surgery, Crohn's disease, low protein diet, Whipple's disease, or celiac disease. 11 PT Prothrombin time measures the amount of time needed to form a clot. It is also used to monitor the effectiveness of the anticoagulant warfarin 10-13 sec Increased could indicate deficiency in vitamin K, deficiency in clotting factor, liver disease

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