Review Patient Case Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)

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What This Question Is About

This question relates to review patient case and requires a structured academic response.

How to Approach This Question

Break the problem into smaller parts and analyze each logically.

Key Explanation

This topic involves review patient case. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.

Original Question

Review the patient case study below and respond with explanation to the questions that follow PATIENT CASE STUDY Initial Presentation 52-year-old female diagnosed with type 2 diabetes three years ago during a work-related physical but has not followed up. Presents with complaints of weakness in her right foot. Additional History and Family History States left foot has been weak for a month; dorsiflexion difficult; both feet feel numb and tingly Noted increased thirst and urination which wakes her at night She has gained 20 pounds over the past year; diet is high in fats and refined sugars; nonsmoker Employed as a vice president in a bank; little exercise reported Her mother and sister have diabetes, diagnosed in their 40s; they take pills and injections She recalls that her blood sugar was “200ish” when she was first diagnosed, but was not worried Lab and Diagnostic Results Serum electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, calcium, magnesium all normal Glucose (random) 250 mg/d; HgbA1c 8.5% Urine dipstick positive for glucose, negative for protein T: 37 °C orally, P: 82 regular, RR: 14 regular, BP: 162/98 right arm/sitting; weight 84 kg, height 5’4″ Asked to return in 2 days for additional testing. Return visit information: Fasting glucose 170 mg/dl Fasting total cholesterol 252 mg/dl; HDL 28 mg/dl; triglycerides 652mg/dl Electromyography consistent with peripheral neuropathy of right foot Medication Class Biguanides Six months later, the patient’s HgbA1c and blood glucose remain elevated, and she is started on daily insulin. Medication Insulin glargine QUESTIONS What is the major cellular dysfunction contributing to the pathology of diabetes? (Provide details and credible reference) Of the information listed in the patient history, laboratory, and diagnostic results, which are typical for the pathology of diabetes? Explain. How does the identified class of medication relate to the pathophysiology of diabetes on a cellular level? Discuss pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. What will be observed to confirm a therapeutic response? Explain

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