Review Following Topics Assignment Help: How to Answer This Question
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Key Explanation
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Original Question
Review the following topics to respond to the following 1-2 well-composed paragraphs Conduction and Respiratory Organs Components of the Lymphatic System Immune Response Overview and Introduction to the Innate Cellular and Chemical Processes of the Innate Immune Response Introduction to Adaptive Immune Response T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses B Cell Humoral Response Your mother has just turned 65 and her physician has recommended she get the pneumonia vaccine. This bacterium uses the respiratory system as a portal of entry to the body. Use the prompts below to help you explain the functioning of the bacterium, the body’s response to the infection, and how a vaccine will reduce her risk for infection. Part 1: Pathway into the body Detail the organs the bacterium will pass through on its way to infecting the interstitial fluid of the alveoli of the lungs. Name and describe the action of 2 barriers that the bacterium will encounter on its way to infecting the lungs. Part 2: Innate Immune Response As the bacterium begins to infect and damage the lung tissues it multiplies and produces compounds toxic to the cells around it. As the cells in the area become damaged, they secrete chemokines and cause the production of histamines; among other things, this brings complement to the area. What process is triggered by histamines? What effects does it have on the area of infection? Name 2 cells of the innate response that may be attracted to the area by the chemokines and describe their role in responding to the infection. Where is complement made? Describe 2 ways it will assist in responding to the infection. Part 3: Adaptive Immune Response If the infection was not cleared away by the innate responses, additional mechanisms have been building up to complete the response process. B cells have been cloning to generate a humoral response and T cells have cloning to generate the cell-mediated response. What 2 cellular types will the B cell clones differentiate into and what is the role of each type? How will the products of the B cells affect the bacterium? Name 1 cell type that may act as an antigen-presenting cell to activate the T cell response. Name 3 cellular types that the T cell clones differentiate into and what is the role of each type? Part 4: Vaccine The pneumococcal vaccine she will receive is an injection of capsular polysaccharides. Briefly explain why she cannot get pneumonia from receiving this vaccine. What 2 cell types (which you may have discussed in parts 2 and 3) will accumulate in her body in response to receiving the vaccine? If she is exposed to pneumonia after these cells have been formed, how will her body’s response differ from that of a primary infection?
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