Zealander James Mckeown Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
This question focuses on applying theory to practical scenarios.
What This Question Is About
This question relates to zealander james mckeown and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Focus on explaining concepts clearly and supporting them with examples.
Key Explanation
This topic involves zealander james mckeown. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.
Original Question
In 1995, New Zealander James McKeown, 76, was denied kidney dialysis. Although the decision was based on accepted guidelines for patients over 75, it also considered that he had coronary artery disease and prostate cancer. Realistically, dialysis could prolong his life for about two years. His family complained before the Human Rights Commission of age discrimination. As the media became involved, public officials insisted that the decision was based solely on health outcomes, not costs. Dialysis was eventually allowed and prolonged his life for 18 months. Here one side regarded dialysis for Mr. McKeown as futile, the other as needed life-sustaining treatment (LST). From the hospital’s perspective, dialysis for Mr. McKeown was not clinically appropriate; from that of his family, it was denied on grounds of age, not futility. What type of futility is at issue here? Can the ordinary-versusextraordinary-means distinction help without invoking Mr. McKeown’s quality of life? Which side might the conservative Sanctity-of-Life doctrine support? Since age may affect treatment outcome but also be used to discriminate against older patients, should health care providers consider age in decisions to forgo futile LST? Can facts and values be separated in such decisions? What about in decisions based on limited resources?
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