Anatomy Physiologyterms Review Explained for Students (Easy Guide)
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Anatomy & PhysiologyTerms to Review! Digestive System Mucosa Layer Peristalsis Accessory organs Upper esophageal sphincter Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) Small intestine villi Microvilli Stomach Lower esophageal sphincter Pyloric sphincter Chief cells Parietal cells Pertinent diagnostic tests Upper endoscopy Laparoscopy Esophageal manometry Video capsule endoscopy Upper GI series H. Pylori Urea breath test Stool antigen test Peptic Ulcer Disease: What is the pathophysiology? Two types of PUD: Duodenal Ulcer Gastric Ulcer What is the primary cause of this disease? What are the risk factors for the disease? Name two diagnostic tests used to diagnose PUD? Duodonal: Where is this ulcer located? Know pathophysiology Symptoms When are symptoms present? This is different from gastric! What will the patient look like? Gastric Ulcer: Where is this ulcer located? Know pathophysiology Symptoms When are symptoms present? This is different from duodenal! What will the patient look like? GERD: What is the pathophysiology? What sphincter has been loosened? What are the risk factors? Symptoms: Diagnostic Tests: Pancreatitis: What is the pathophysiology? What are the three pancreatic digestive enzymes? Acute: When does this occur? What are two causes? What does enzyme production do to inflammation? Autodigestion: define and understand what it does to the pancreas. Symptoms: List these and why they happen Diagnostic Tests Labs: What do they indicate? CBC ESR C-Reactive Protein Amylase Lipase Chronic Pancreatitis: When does this occur and what are causes? Beta Cells: what are these and what impact does chronic pancreatitis have on these cells? Hepatic Anatomy & Physiology Terms to Review: Glisson capsule Hepatic artery Hepatic portal vein Hepatocytes Kupffer cells Bile Functions of the Liver Bile’s purpose Bilirubin Storage Clotting factors Ammonia Proteins Glucose Detoxification Liver Diagnostic Tests Aspartate transaminase (AST) Alanine transaminase (ALT) Alkaline phosphatase Albumin Prothrombin time Urea levels Bilirubin levels Cirrhosis: What is the functions of liver What is the pathophysiology? 5 steps leading to cirrhosis Define the following symptoms and the cause of these symptoms Jaundice Hepatic Encephalopathy Why is ammonia increased? What symptoms will a patient have as the disease progresses? Portal hypertension Melena Caput medusa Asterixis Ascites: What causes this? Albumin: What does this regulate? Oncotic pressure: How does albumin effect this? Hypoglycemia GI bleeding Celiac Disease Review: What is celiac disease? Briefly describe the pathophysiology of celiac disease? List 4 patient signs/symptoms. Irritable Bowel Syndrome/IBS: Briefly describe the pathophysiology of IBD. List 6 patient signs/symptoms. Intestinal Obstruction: Briefly describe the pathophysiology of IO. List 7 Mechanical Obstruction Causes: List 4 Functional Obstructions Causes: List 5 patient signs/symptoms.
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