Math Practice Problems Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
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Original Question
Math Practice Problems This is practice for oral/intramuscular (IM)/subcutaneous (SQ) dosage calculation (see Chapter 17 to 19 in Calculate with Confidence for further reading and practice). Dimensional Analysis Formula (most common formula used): V: form of the drug. H: equivalence in units. C: conversion factor. D: dosage desired. If no conversion needed C(H) and C(D) of formula can be omitted. Know conversion chart. V × C(H) × D H × C(D) × 1 Conversion Table (start to memorize this): 1 mg = 1000 mcg 1 tsp = 5 mL or cc 1 g = 1000 mg 1 tbsp = 15 mL or cc 1 Kg = 1000 g 1 oz = 30 mL or cc 1 Kg = 2.2 lbs 1 qt = 1000 mL or cc Practice Questions for oral/SQ/IM dosage calculations: Calculate the dosage to give on these 1. Order: Wellbutrin 150 mg PO twice daily On hand: Wellbutrin 75 mg per tablet 2. Order: Cytotec 0.5 mg PO 4 times daily On hand: Cytotec 125 mcg per tablet 3. Order: Cefazolin 0.5 g PO daily On hand: 125 mg per tablet 4. Order: Allopurinol 0.25 g PO daily On hand: Allopurinol 100 mg tablets 5. Order: Ery-Tab 0.666 g PO every 6 hours On hand: Ery-Tab 333 mg per tablet 6. Order: Dilantin 0.2 g by mouth three times daily. On hand: Dilantin capsules labeled 100 mg. 7. Order: Minoxidil 0.03 g daily On hand: Minoxidil 10 mg tablets 8. Order: Inderal 120 mg daily On hand: Inderal 60 mg capsules 9. Order: Sandostatin 0.05 mg subcutaneous daily On hand: Sandostatin 100 mcg/ml 10. Order: Naloxone 0.2 mg IM stat On hand: Naloxone 400 mcg/ml Notes on Insulin: Insulin is ordered in units and given with an insulin syringe, although pre-filled insulin pens are becoming more popular. There are three different types of syringes, so make sure you look carefully at the order and at the type of syringe to avoid errors. Insulin is always checked with a second RN to ensure correct dosage. Types of syringes: Low-dose syringe (capacity of 50 units which is equal to 0.5 ml), 100 ml capacity syringe which is equal to 1 ml. Double scale syringe with odd numbers on the left and even numbers on the right. Insulin vials are labelled as U-100 or U-500, which means there are 100 units of insulin per 1 ml or 500 units of insulin per 1 ml. Because 500 units is so potent it can often be given in a 1 ml syringe instead of an insulin syringe which requires dimensional analysis calculation. Here are some example questions for practice. Please refer to Insulin chapter 20 in your Calculate with Confidence book for further study. See Chapter 20 of Calculate with Confidence book for further reading/practice. Practice Questions for Insulin dosage calculations: Calculate the dosage to give on these 11. Draw a line to the correct dosage area on the syringe. 12. Draw a line to the correct dosage area on the syringe. 13. How many units is the insulin pen showing? 14. Order: Give 155 units of Humulin Regular U-500 insulin SQ stat. On Hand: U-500 Humulin insulin vial and a 1 ml Tuberculin Syringe. How many mls do you give? Practice Questions for Pediatric dosage calculations: The math formulas are EXACTLY the same as with adult PO, SQ, IM calculations, you just have to remember that the medication orders are based on weight. Pediatric dosing is based on milligrams per kilogram (kg) of body weight. This means you will need to convert lbs. to kgs. The formual is 1 kg=2.2 lb. See Chapter 25 in Calculate with Confidence for further reading/practice. The prescriber orders Vistaril 15 mg IM q 4h prn for nausea. The child weighs 38 lb. The recommended dosage per the drug handbook is 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/dose q 4 h. 15. Determine if the dosage is safe. Recommended dosage will be the starting fraction, in this case (0.5mg/kg and 1 mg/kg), and calculate the dosage to administer.
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