Sickle Cell Anemia Assignment Help: How to Answer This Question
This type of question evaluates analytical and critical thinking skills.
What This Question Is About
This question relates to sickle cell anemia and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Use appropriate theories and support your answer with clear reasoning.
Key Explanation
This topic involves sickle cell anemia. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.
Original Question
Sickle cell anemia A 10-year-old black boy experienced sudden abdominal, chest, and diffuse joint pain while playing ice hockey. Both his parents had a family history of sickle cell disease. The results of physical examination were negative except for conjunctival pallor. Diagnostic Analysis The patient’s physician suspected that the child had sickle cell anemia. The CBC indicated that he had a normochromic, normocytic anemia. The increased reticulocyte count and erythroplasia seen on bone marrow aspiration indicated that his marrow was attempting to compensate for the anemia. His decreased serum haptoglobin level indicated that hemolysis was occurring. A negative direct Coombs test eliminated an autoimmune cause of the hemolysis. The negative G6PD screen eliminated that deficiency, which is common in the black population. The peripheral blood smear, sickle cell test, and Hgb electrophoresis confirmed the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. The boy was treated for the sickle cell crisis and released from the hospital. He continued to experience many sickle cell crises and frequently required transfusion of O+ blood. He died at the age of 18 from pneumonia. Results Complete blood count (CBC) Red blood cell (RBC) count 3.8 million/mm3 (normal: 3.8-5.5 million/mm3) Hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration 9.4 g/dL (normal: 11-16 g/dL) Hematocrit (Hct), p. 248 28% (normal: 31%-43%) Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 83 mm3 (normal: 80-95 mm3) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 28 pg (normal: 27-31 pg) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 34 g/dL (normal: 32-36 g/dL) White blood cell (WBC) and differential counts Total WBC 6500/mm3 (normal: 5000-10,000/mm3) Neutrophils 60% (normal: 55%-70%) Lymphocytes 29% (normal: 20%-40%) Monocytes 8% (normal: 2%-8%) Eosinophils 2% (normal: 1%-4%) Basophils 1% (normal: 0.5%-1%) Peripheral blood smear Sickled forms of RBC (normal: normocytic, normochromic RBC) Reticulocyte count 4% (normal: 0.5%-2%) Serum haptoglobin level 74 mg/dL (normal: 100-50 mg/dL) Bone marrow aspiration Erythroid hyperplasia M:E ratio 2:1 (normal: 3:1) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) Negative (screening test) Hgb electrophoresis Hgb F 20% (normal: <1%) Hgb A2 3% (normal: approximately 2%) Hgb S 77% (normal: 0) Hgb A1 0 (normal: 95%-98%) Sickle cell test, p. 415 Positive (normal: negative) Coombs test, direct Negative (normal: negative) Blood type O+ Critical Thinking Questions 1. Explain the relationship, if any, between the patient's physical activity and the onset of his symptoms. 2. Why was the reticulocyte count increased?
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