Answer These Questions Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)

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Original Question

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN A DETAIL (FROM EXAM PROSPECTIVE) ACID BASE DISTURBANCES 1. Explain the roles of the lungs, kidneys, and chemical buffers in maintaining acid-base balance. 2. Compare respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis with regard to causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. 3. Interpret arterial blood gas measurements. AIRWAY ADJUNCTS/TRACH CARE/SUCTIONING 1. Verbalize indications for using different advanced airways. 2. Explain proper technique in applying and using the bag-valve mask. 3. Identify the nursing care of a patient with an endotracheal tube and a patient with a tracheostomy. a. Describe indications and preparation for the insertion and maintenance of an endotracheal tube. b. Describe the correct procedure for suctioning a tracheostomy/endotracheal tube. c. Describe possible complications for a tracheostomy/endotracheal tube. MECHANICAL VENTILATION 1. Discuss purpose of and indications for mechanical ventilation. 2. Use the nursing process as a framework for care of patients who are mechanically ventilated. a. Compare and contrast modes of ventilatory assistance. b. Analyze the physiological effects of Positive Pressure. c. Identify the major complications which may occur with mechanical ventilation. d. List nursing interventions which may decrease or prevent complications. e. Explain the process for using sedation/neuromuscular blockade. 3. Describe the process of weaning the patient from mechanical ventilation. CLOSED CHEST DRAINAGE 1. Explain the principles of chest drainage and the nursing responsibilities related to the care of the patient with a chest drainage system. a. Explore indications for a chest tube. b. Differentiate between the chambers of the chest drainage unit. c. Discuss the nursing observations and responsibilities for patients undergoing chest drainage. RESPIRATORY FAILURE 1. Interpret signs of impaired ventilatory function. 2. Explore classifications of acute respiratory failure and their etiology. 3. Examine the management of patients in acute respiratory failure including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE; STROKES; & NEURO DYSFUNCTIONS 1. Discuss Intracranial Pressure (ICP). a. Identify means of compensation for increasing ICP b. Explain cerebral perfusion pressure. 2. Identify the early and late clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure. 3. Analyze interventions to manage increased ICP. 4. Explain the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, collaborative care and nursing management of seizure disorders. 5. Identify the risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders and related measures for prevention. 6. Compare etiology and pathophysiology of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. 7. Describe the acute nursing care for the patient with a stroke. 8. Explain the principles of nursing management as they relate to the care of a patient in the acute stage of an ischemic stroke. 9. Use the nursing process as a framework for care of a patient recovering from an ischemic stroke. 10. Apply the nursing process as a framework for care of a patient with a hemorrhagic stroke. 11. Discuss essential elements for family education and preparation for home care of the patient who has had a stroke. 12. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, collaborative care, and nursing management of a person with Parkinson’s 13. Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and medical and nursing management of myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

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