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Question I have 20 questions about a nursing article critique on the paper… I have 20 questions about a nursing article critique on the paper by Kolthoff and Hickman, 2017 JM , could anyone help me answer them? Thank you! The questions are based on Nursing Research Grove and Gray 2019. Article’s link: Kolthoff, K. L., & Hickman, S. E. (2017). Compassion fatigue among nurses working with older adults doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.08.003 Questions 1 – 4: Research Problem and Purpose. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 2, 5, and 12) 1. Which choices below best reflect the problem statement for the instructor-assigned article? a. Individuals who work in stressful clinical areas may have substance abuse issues, sleep disturbances, fear and anxiety. b. High demand work settings are associated with increased fatigue, which can impair nurses’ attentiveness and ability not only to recognize potential errors they might commit but also to recognize and mitigate the errors of others, including physicians. c. There is a lack of research on the sleep patterns and susceptibility to medical errors of nurses who work in high needs geriatric care. d. Compassion fatigue, experienced by nurses working in high needs geriatric [elderly] care may be related to burnout and poor professional quality of life. 2. Which of the choices below best reflects the purpose statement for the instructor assigned article? a. To explore the relationship between reported sleep quality, perceived fatigue and, cognitive performance in a sample of nurses who work in elderly care. b. Assess the association between compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction and years of professional experience among nurses caring for high needs older adults c. Further studies have demonstrated that insufficient sleep and inadequate recovery time from long hours and shift work affect a nurse’s ability to provide safe, effective patient care and increase risks to personal safety. d. A purpose statement is not clearly offered by the authors in this article. 3. According to Grove and Gray {2019), which of the following statements are important when considering the significance and relevance of a study’s problem and purpose? (Select all that apply.) a. Does it predict the non-significant findings anticipated in the study? b. Does it consider ethical principles in its design? c. Does it specifically influence nursing education in university settings? d. Does it identify the future research to be generated by the study? e. Does it prevent theory testing or development? f. Does it identify extraneous variables? 4. When considering the feasibility of a study’s problem and purpose, Grove and Gray {2019) suggest that several areas should be evaluated, including: researcher expertise, money commitment, ethical considerations, and availability of subjects, facilities, and equipment. Which of the following statements accurately assesses the feasibility of this article? (Select all that apply) a. Funding sources and amount for the study were clearly identified in the article. b. The authors’ credentials to design and conduct research are described. c. Evidence of protection of the subjects’ rights was not mentioned in this article. d. 100% of the eligible subjects contacted participated in the study. Questions 5 – 7: Review of the Literature. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 6 & 12.) 5. According to Grove and Gray {2019), which one of the following is NOT a major purpose of the review of literature (ROL): a. Describing the current knowledge of the practice problem b. Identifying gaps in the knowledge base of the practice problem c. Explaining how the current study contributes to the knowledge being built d. To explain the reasons behind the selection of the statistics used in the study. 6. Select two MAJOR topics covered in the review of literature (ROL) from the list below: A Older individuals often suffer from compassion fatigue and physiological demise as patients. b. Elder care settings are chaotic environments, where there is high patient turnover, constantly changing priorities and frequent changes in patient condition. c. Nurses, social workers, police officers, psychologists firefighters are among the groups who render care to others and may be affected by compassion fatigue. d. Compassion fatigue describes situations where nurses become overprotective when they care for patients with multiple trauma. e. A quasi experimental design was used to explore the relationship between nurses’ reported fatigue, and burnout. 7. Current knowledge in the review of literature (ROL) (all information included before the “Methods”) is considered to be articles that are within 5 years of the publication date of the article. This is often assessed by reviewing the citations that are used in the ROL and counting the number that meet this criterion. Which number below most closely reflects the number of current citations in the ROL? (HINT-look for references in the ROL that are between 2012-2017.) a. 4 b. 8 c. 9 d. 11 Questions 8 – 10: Study Framework. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 7 & 12) 8. Which one of these statements best describes this study’s research framework? a. This study did not discuss a research framework not fully developed. b. The framework is based on Jean Watson’s caring theory c. The Joint Commission’s 2011 Sentinel Event Alert on healthcare worker fatigue and patient safety states that shift length and work schedules have a significant effect on healthcare providers’ quantity and quality of sleep and, consequently, on their job performance, as well as on the safety of their patients and their individual safety. d. High demand work settings are associated with increased fatigue, which can impair nurses’ ability to care for self and others and is based on the American Nurses’ Association Code of ethics. 9. According to Grove and Gray (2019), nursing uses theories to organize their body of knowledge and establish what is known about a phenomenon. Elements of a theory that may be found in a nursing research article include: a. concepts: the basic element of a theory (also known as a construct or variable), and relational statements which clarify the relationships that exist between concepts. b. research problem: the identified gap in the theory, and dependent variable: what is operationally measured by the theory. c. descriptive design: the quantitative research design used to describe a theory. 10. According to Grove and Gray (2019), a(n) __________________is an abstract logical structure of meaning, such as a portion of a theory which guides the development of the study and enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing’s body of knowledge. a. phenomena b. grand nursing theory c. relational statement d. study framework Questions 11 – 15: Research objectives, questions, or hypotheses and research variables. (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 5 & 12) 11. On page 106-107, the authors state that one of the research objective, problem, or hypothesis was: “by providing information about factors influencing compassion fatigue in nurses caring for geriatric patients”. This is best described as a a. Research objective b. Research problem c. Research hypothesis d. None of the above 12. Which of these are considered to be MAJOR research variables in this study. a. Professional burnout, compassion fatigue b. job satisfaction c. self-efficacy, language proficiency d. perceived fatigue and sleepiness e. compassion fatigue, sleep habits 13. What is the conceptual or theoretical definition in this study (as defined in the review of literature section) of the following study variable: compassion fatigue. a. Elder care settings are chaotic environments, where there is high patient turnover, constantly changing priorities and frequent changes in patient condition. b. Insufficient sleep and inadequate recovery time from long hours and shift work affect a nurse’s ability to provide safe, effective patient care and increase risks to personal safety. c. The conceptual definition was measured by using the Professional Quality of Life scale. d. The conceptual or theoretical definition of compassion fatigue for this study was not clearly provided in the review of literature section. 14. What is the operational definition (as defined in the methods section) of the following study variable: compassion fatigue. a. The professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale b. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) c. Nurse self-worth self-efficacy scale d. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 15. Which demographic variables were assessed by the author for this study? (Select all that apply.) a. age, gender, highest degree earned b. zip code, years of experience c. ethnicity, zip code, years of work experience d. highest degree earned, zip code e. years of work experience, socioeconomic status Questions 16- 19: Research Design (For help with these questions, refer to chapters 1, 8, & 12) 16. Which phrase best describes the research design of this study? a. Exploratory Descriptive b. Correlational c. Quasi-experimental d. Experimental e. Mixed methods 17. Which phrase best describes the time element of the research design of this study? a. Cross-sectional design b. Longitudinal design c. Saturation d. None of the above 18. Does the study include a treatment or intervention described in the methods section? a. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) used in the study may be considered a treatment or intervention. b. The Professional Quality of Life scale (ProQOL0 was an intervention c. Nurses’ sleep patterns were recorded each day after the intervention for a month. d. This study was not designed with a treatment or intervention. 19. Does the author specifically mention that a pilot or pilot study was done prior to conducting this study? a. Yes b. No 20. The authors indicate on page 107 that the study was reviewed and approved by the appropriate institutional review board. This indicates than an IRB gave approval to conduct the research. There was no mention of an informed consent being provided to each participant. Per Grove and Gray {2019), which of the following would be considered essential information for informed consent? (Select all that apply.) a. a statement of the overall research plan for future studies b. a copy of the abstract of the article that will be used in the publishing journal. c. an explanation of the procedures to be followed in the study, statement of the research purpose d. a complete list of references to be used in the study, a copy of the abstract of the publication

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