This Simple Terms Explained for Students (Easy Guide)

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Original Question

sum this up in simple terms …HIV is mainly spread through contact with infected bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Once inside the body, HIV targets a specific type of immune cell called CD4+ T-helper cells. After the virus attaches to the CD4+ cell, it fuses with the cell membrane and enters the cell. Inside the infected cell, the virus releases its RNA genome. A viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase converts this RNA into DNA. This step is important because it allows the virus to integrate itself into the host cell’s genetic material. The newly formed viral DNA is then transported into the cell’s nucleus, where it becomes integrated into the host’s DNA with the help of another enzyme called integrase. This integrated viral DNA is known as a provirus. New viral particles are assembled inside the host cell and released into the bloodstream. This process causes the death of infected CD4+ T cells and can lead to more cells being infected. As HIV continues to replicate, it progressively destroys CD4+ T cells. This weakens the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infections and diseases. Over time, if untreated, the continued loss of CD4+ T cells leads to a state called AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), where the immune system is severely compromised. At this stage, individuals are at high risk for opportunistic infections and certain cancers.

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