Studies Guide Vitamins Explained for Students (Easy Guide)
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Studies guide Vitamins and Minerals •Vitamins •Organic •Water or fat soluble •Minerals •Inorganic •Major (100mg/day +) •Trace (less than 100mg/day) Vitamins and Minerals Vitamins: •Thiamin (vitamin B1) •Riboflavin (vitamin B2) •Niacin •Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) •Folate •Vitamin B12 •Pantothenic Acid •Biotin •Choline Minerals: -Iodine -Chromium -Manganse -Sulfur Holoenzyme components •Cofactor + Apoenzyme ïƒ Holoenzyme •Cofactor •Inorganic (minerals) •Organic (coenzyme, often derived from a B-vitamin (water soluble) •Apoenzyme (inactive protein component) •Holoenzyme-active complex Thiamin Major Function: Important as TPP Carbohydrate metabolism Amino acid metabolism Essential to nerve function Deficiency diseases: Beriberi- “I can’t I can’t” Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Toxicity: None Rich food sources of thiamin: Pork and pork products Enriched and whole-grain cereals Legumes Riboflavin •Major Function: •Serves as a coenzyme in redox reactions. (FAD, FADH2) •Deficiency symptoms: •Araboflavinosis: inflammation of mouth and tongue, cracks at corner of mouth, eye disorders. •Toxicity: •None •Rich food sources of Riboflavin: •Milk •Mushroom •Spinach •Liver •Enriched grains Niacin (2 forms: nicotinic acid (niacin) and nicotinamide (niacinamide) •Major Function: •NAD/ NADH, H+ and NADP, NADPH, H+, needed for redox reactions in metabolism •Also needed for breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids •Deficiency symptoms (niacin): •Pellagra: (3 (4) D’s) diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia (death) •Rare in the U.S.A. n
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