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How to respond to this discussion positively in APA format? The 30-year-old woman in this week’s case study has a chief complaint (CC) of frequent urination; a 40 lb weight gain over the last several years, excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and a baby born over 9 lbs. I believe that the probable diagnosis is Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), according to Lonsako et al., (2025), is a metabolic disorder that causes elevated blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin action or secretion. The symptoms of DM are excessive hunger, thirst, and frequent urination according to Huether et al., (2024). These are all symptoms that explain the patient’s symptoms. Shahriari et al., (2024), state that mothers who have gestational diabetes are at risk for having a large baby weighing 10 lbs or more called macrosomia which was the case of the patient in the case study. Other possible diagnoses I considered in my differential are Diabetes insipidus (DI) and Hypothyroidism. I thought of DI because of the common symptom of frequent urination. Huether et al., (2024), state that this abnormality occurs because of an issue with antidiuretic hormone which leads to an inability to properly regulate water balance. I ruled this out because of the weight gain which is not associated with DI; rather weight loss Huether et al., (2024). I also considered Hypothyroidism with the explanation that it may cause uncontrolled weight gain and decreased bladder capacity, but it did not explain the large for gestational age baby the patient had. PCOS was another disease I factored in as this is related to diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance present in both; PCOS can also worsen urinary issues like frequency Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], (2024). At this stage, the diagnostic studies and basic treatments I would order are an HbA1c, fasting glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test, TSH, free T4, blood progesterone and estrogen tests, urine specific gravity, and an Adrenal cortisol blood test. These would give me more information to narrow down my diagnosis and rule out other possibilities. Treatment would be nutritional education, and depending on test results diabetic teaching may be indicated

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