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REPLY TO THIS DISCUSSION POST AND ADD THINGS TO IT. ASK ONE QUESTION AT THE END OF IT . In order to properly understand the difference between an ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, one must first understand what a stroke is and the pathogenesis of the condition. A stroke results from an interruption/obstruction in blood flow to the cerebral arteries. This obstruction limits the transmission of oxygen and necessary nutrients to the brain. Ischemic strokes account for 70-80% of all strokes and refer to an interruption in blood flow to a cerebral vessel. As previously mentioned, this can lead to hypoxia, and in severe cases, necrosis. Hemorrhagic strokes refer to a rupture of a blood vessel, causing bleeding into brain tissue. One major risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke would be hypertension, which is why moderating blood pressure levels and altering one’s lifestyle if necessary are vital in preventing further complications. Strokes can lead to deficits in motor, speech, and cognitive skills. In our patient’s case, Rowena suffered from a left cerebral hemisphere stroke, resulting in slurred speech, facial drooping, and weakness. Many of her motor deficits were observed on the right side of her body, confirming that the stroke took place on the left side of her brain. Tissue Plasminogen Activators (tPAs) are clot-dissolving medications that are used to treat acute ischemic strokes. As we know, an ischemic stroke occurs due to an obstruction in proper blood flow to the cerebral arteries. The most plausible reasoning behind this obstruction would be the formation of a blood clot. Whether this clot was directly formed in the brain or traveled from other regions of the body as a pulmonary embolism, it can cause great obstruction in the flow of blood, oxygen, and nutrients. The administration of this medication can dissolve a blood clot by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which is needed to dissolve the fibrin in clots. Nonetheless, a medical professional must administer this medication with caution as it can lead to increased bleeding and even a hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, this drug must not be given to individuals who are in recovery from recent trauma/ surgery, or to those who have a history of hemorrhagic strokes. As mentioned in this week’s episode, the nurses were reassuring Toni by explaining to him that early detection of his grandmother’s stroke was crucial in ensuring proper recovery. The reason being that tPAs must be administered within four hours of the first symptom in order to create better outcomes.

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