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Chapter 35 Study Guide Assignment Alterations in Pulmonary Function Match the definition with the correct term Presence of pus in the pleural cavity Collapse of the alveoli Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by desaturation of hemoglobin PaO2 below normal Coughing up bloody mucus Passage of fluid and/or solid particles into the lungs Terms to use: Cyanosis, Hypoxemia, Hemoptysis, Empyema, Atelectasis, Aspiration What is the difference between dyspnea and orthopnea? What is the difference between absorption atelectasis and compression atelectasis? Match the breathing patterns with the descriptions: Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with apnea episodes Increased ventilatory rate, small tidal volume Rhythmic and effortless with normal tidal volume Irregular, quick inspirations with an expiratory pause Increased ventilatory rate, small tidal volume, increased effort, prolonged expiration, wheezing Increased ventilatory rate, very large tidal volume, no expiratory pause Terms for breathing patterns for matching: Kussmaul, Gasping, Cheyne-Stokes, Eupnea, Restricted, Obstructed Mr. Smith, who currently smokes a pack of cigarettes per day, developed fever, chills, dyspnea and a productive cough with yellowish-green sputum production. He presented to the local emergency department and his vital signs were as follows: temp: 101.3F, Pulse: 110, RR: 24, BP: 110/68, and SpO2 88% on RA. ON exam, he has crackles in the bilateral lung bases. CXR showed a right middle lobe and right lower lobe consolidation. Please address the following questions: Does Mr. Smith have a bacterial pneumonia or viral pneumonia? What is the pathophysiology of Mr. Smith’s illness? What treatment will assist in clearing the consolidation noted on CXR? What is smoking cessation important for Mr. Smith to help prevent another episode of pneumonia? Ms. Parker was admitted to the hospital three days ago due to a femur fracture from a biking accident. While hospitalized, she has been on bedrest. On the third day of admission, she reports having sudden onset of dyspnea, left chest pain that is worse with breathing. On assessment, she is noted to be tachycardic, tachypneic, with slight crackles in the left lower lung. Serum d-Dimer is elevated, and Chest CT angiography confirmed the presence of a pulmonary embolism. Please address the following questions: How did Ms. Parker develop a pulmonary embolism? How does a large pulmonary embolism cause a V/Q mismatch? Ms. Parker asks, “How did my broken leg cause me to have a breathing problem?” (Answer this question as if you were speaking to the patient)

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