Respond William Comment Explained for Students (Easy Guide)
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Focus on explaining concepts clearly and supporting them with examples.
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Original Question
respond to William’s comment on the class discussion below my article I chose is Long-term survival outcomes in young-onset colorectal cancer : A population based cohort study. I chose this article because I am African American and this article touched me, According to Agustus & Ellis (2018) African Americans have the highest incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) of any ethnic group in the United States. Although some of these disparities can be explained by differences in access to care, cancer screening, and other socioeconomic factors, disparities remain after adjustment for these factors Study Design A retrospective population-based cohort study: The study looks backward in time, using existing data (like medical records, insurance claims, or registries) to reconstruct past exposures and outcomes. The study focuses on a specific population, which could be a geographical area or a defined group within a larger population. The study often compares the outcomes (e.g., disease incidence, mortality) between those with and without a specific exposure, using existing data to assess differences in rates (Aschengrau, & Seage, 2020). Method This was a retrospective population-based cohort study. All colorectal cancer diagnoses between 2001 and 2020 in the state of Queensland Australia were reviewed.Young-onset colorectal cancer (20-49 years) was compared with late-onset colorectal cancer (50 years+) (Cao et al 2025). Primary outcomes Overall survival for all stages in the YOCRC group at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years was 90%, 82%, 69% and 63%, respectively. Overall survival in the late-onset colorectal cancer group at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years was 81%, 73%, 57% and 42%, respectively. YOCRC had statistically significant improved overall survival at all time pointsto 10 years despite having a greater proportion of Stage III and IV disease (p< 0.001). Stage-specific overall survival was significantly better in YOCRC for every stage to 10 years compared with the late-onset group(p< 0.001). Stage III YOCRC had worseoverall survival than Stage I and II in the late-onset group to 7 years post diagnosis but better overall survival than Stage I and II in the late-onset group after 8 years from diagnosis (Cao et al 2025). Funding information This research did not receive any grants from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not for profit sectors. Conflict of interest statement The authors have no conflicts of interests or disclosures. Data availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. Ethics statement Ethics approval was gained prior to the commencement of this study Conclusion I was so pleased with this article because the study brings to light no matter what your ethnicity is early detection is the key, the problem in the African American community, especially among men lack of getting a Complete Physical Exam (CPE). this article brought to my attention there are studies pertaining to this issue.
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