Three Invisible Wounds Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
This type of question evaluates analytical and critical thinking skills.
What This Question Is About
This question relates to three invisible wounds and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Use appropriate theories and support your answer with clear reasoning.
Key Explanation
This topic involves three invisible wounds. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.
Original Question
The three invisible wounds seen in OIF and OEF veterans are: PTSD, depression and suicide, and alcohol misuse. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common consequence of exposure to life-threatening events and can result in flashbacks, hypervigilance, and emotional numbness. It has been estimated that the rates of PTSD for OIF and OEF veterans are 12.5 percent (Kanel, 2019). Symptoms of PTSD have been found to be associated with anger, hostility, and aggression among OIF and OEF veterans (Jakupcak et al., 2007), and Teten et al. (2010) found that impulsive aggression was overrepresented among veterans with PTSD, and premeditated aggression was found more in veterans without PTSD. The second invisible wound, depression, leads to impairment in functioning. An estimated 9.3 percent of veterans experienced at least one major depressive episode in 2007 (Kanel, 2019). Veterans suffering from major depression often show symptoms such as sleep problems, feelings of guilt, worthlessness, hopelessness, regret, loss of energy and interest in life, and concentration deficits, appetite disorder, psychomotor retardation or agitation, and suicidal thoughts (Kanel, 2019). The last invisible wound, alcohol misuse, is used as a coping mechanism for dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, and difficulties readjusting to civilian life. Studies have shown that heavy drinking and binge drinking are more common among these veterans than in the general population, especially for those who have experienced combat or have been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Kanel, 2019). The stress of multiple deployments, exposure to violence, and reintegration challenges increase the risk of alcohol misuse. Additionally, alcohol may be used to self-medicate symptoms such as insomnia, hyperarousal, or emotional numbness, ultimately worsening the veteran’s overall mental health and increasing the risk for suicidal behavior. The conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan were different from other wars because different types of injuries arose. Instead of combat-related deaths, more veterans of these conflicts died from suicide, drug use, and overdoses than from enemy fire (U.S. Army, 2010). Veterans from these wars were also treated differently by the VA and military units (Kanel, 2019). For example, in 2009, 225,000 soldiers were receiving mental health care; nearly half were prescribed mood stabilizers, and 10% were given narcotic painkillers like OxyContin, contributing to widespread misuse (Philipps, 2010). By using a trauma-informed, culturally competent approach and building strong therapeutic alliances, counselors can effectively support veterans from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts as they work through PTSD, depression, suicidal ideation, and alcohol misuse, ultimately guiding them toward healing and recovery. Jakupcak, M., Conybeare, D., Phelps, L., Hunt, S., Holmes, H. A., Felker, B.,…McFall, M. E. (2007). Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 945-954. Kanel, K. (2019). A guide to crisis intervention (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage. Philipps, D. (2010). Lethal warriors: When the new band of brothers came home. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Teten, A. L., Miller, L. A., Stanford, M. S., Petersen, N. J., Bailey, S. D., Collins, R. L.,…Kent, T. A. (2010). Characterizing aggression and its association to anger and hostility among male veterans with post- traumatic stress disorder. Military Medicine, 175(6), 405-410. U.S. Army. (2010). Army Health Promotion, Risk Reduction, Suicide Prevention Report 2010. Retrieved June 24, 2012, from http://usarmy.vo.llnwd.net/e1/HPRRSP/HP-RR-SPReport2010_v00.pdf This is a discussion and it need a response for a peer Tanika also when answering please answer with ciations and put references at the end
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