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( can these notes/terms be written so its in complete sentences where a group of high school students can understand them) Common Skin Conditions 1. Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) Eczema = a chronic, inflammatory skin condition linked to genetic risk, allergens, and environmental triggers 2. Impetigo Impetigo = highly contagious bacterial skin infection (strep. or staph. species) more common in children (harsh soaps, wool). Findings ⮹ Dry, scaly, red patches (common on face and/or behind the elbows and knees) FIGURE 1. ECZEMA that often develops secondary to a preexisting skin condition (eczema). Findings Vesicles that rupture to form honey-colored crusts, often around the mouth and nose (FIGURE 2) Nursing interventions (FIGURE 1) ⮹ Intense itching (pruritus) Nursing interventions ⮹ Hydrate and protect skin. Moisturization is key: Apply petroleum-based moisturizers several times daily. Implement contact precautions if hospitalized. ⮹ Gently wash lesions and apply wet compresses to loosen and remove crusts (enhances absorption of topical antibiotics). ⮹ Administer topical FIGURE 2. IMPETIGO ⮹ To retain moisture, apply moisturizers immediately after bathing while skin is damp. ⮹ Take short, tepid baths and use mild soaps. ⮹ Apply topical steroids (hydrocortisone) sparingly toî €inflammation during flares. ⮹ Prevent flare-ups and infections. Teach to avoid triggers (wool clothing, fabric softeners, harsh soaps) and overheating. ⮹ Recommend wearing soft, lightweight clothing. ⮹ Keep fingernails short and clean or apply gloves to prevent injury and infection from scratching. ⮹ Administer antihistamines (diphenhydramine) for pruritus. ⮹ Monitor for skin infections like impetigo from scratching (honey-colored crusted lesions). Eczema: Apply moisturizers immediately after bathing to retain moisture. Avoid triggers like harsh soaps, wool clothing, and fabric softeners. (mupirocin), oral, or IV antibiotics. Integumentary ⮹ Provide teaching to prevent spread of infection. Use proper handwashing techniques. Avoid sharing personal items (towels, eating utensils). ⮹ Wash client’s clothes separately in hot water. ⮹ Do not allow client to return to school until 24 hr after starting antibiotics. Impetigo: To prevent spread, place the client on contact precautions. Teach caregivers proper handwashing techniques and to avoid sharing towels and utensils with the client. © Bootcamp.com 4 3. Candidiasis (Candida Infection) Candidiasis = Candida (fungal) infection primarily affecting warm, moist areas (diaper area, mouth, or vagina) and more common in immunosuppressed clients (AIDS, clients receiving chemotherapy). Findings (FIGURE 3) ⮹ Diaper area candidiasis: Red, moist patches, common in skin folds ⮹ Oral thrush: White, adherent plaques on the tongue ⮹ Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection): Pruritus and white, lumpy cottage-cheese discharge 4. Psoriasis Psoriasis = chronic inflammatory autoimmune skin disorder causing rapid skin cell buildup, which forms plaques; often exacerbated by triggers (stress). Findings Thick, silvery scales on red plaques, often on elbows, scalp, and knees (FIGURE 4) FIGURE 4. PSORIASIS Nursing interventions ⮹ Prevent candidiasis. ⮹ Avoid prolonged exposure to moisture. Promptly change wet clothes, diapers, and bedding. Dry skin between skin folds after bathing. ⮹ Teach client to avoid wearing tight clothing; it can trap moisture. ⮹ For thrush, promote good oral FIGURE 3. DIAPER CANDIDIASIS & ORAL THRUSH Integumentary Nursing interventions Apply moisturizers regularly to prevent cracking and î €pruritus. ⮹ Teach to avoid triggers to prevent flare-ups (stress). ⮹ Apply topical medications (corticosteroids, salicylic acid) and oral systemic agents (immunosuppressants) as prescribed. ⮹ Use phototherapy as prescribed to control lesions. hygiene (brush and floss twice daily). ⮹ Rinse mouth after taking inhaled corticosteroids to prevent oral candidiasis. ⮹ Treat infection and underlying cause. Keep affected skin dry and clean. ⮹ Administer oral or topical antifungal medications (nystatin, clotrimazole). ⮹ For thrush, instruct caregivers to sterilize bottles and nipples in boiling water before use to kill spores. Candidiasis prevention: Dry the skin thoroughly between skin folds after bathing and promptly change wet clothing, bedding, and diapers. Psoriasis: Thick, silvery scales on red plaques is a key finding of psoriasis. © Bootcamp.com 2 5. Acne Vulgaris Acne Vulgaris = inflammatory skin condition caused by hormonal changes (puberty), excess sebum, and/or bacteria (P. acnes). Findings ⮹ Comedones (whiteheads, blackheads), papules, and FIGURE 5. ACNE

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