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DISCUSSION RESPONSE WITH REFERENCES: Nurses need to understand the differences between acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This understanding assists one in determining the appropriate clinical response and long-term management strategies. AKI is usually characterized by a sudden and mostly reversible decline in kidney function. AKI arises when there is an abrupt damage to the renal structure due to prerenal, intrinsic, or postrenal causes. The damage leads to a rapid decline in the glomerular filtrate rate (GFR) because the renal tubules, glomeruli, interstitium, and vasculature are injured. In the other case, CKD develops gradually over months or years and is characterized by irreversible nephron loss. In the first stages, the kidney tries to compensate through the remaining nephrons and this leads to further damage. This shows that CKD, being chronic, is irreversible as compared to AKI, which can be reversed with immediate intervention. As explained by Kellum et al. (2021), AKI presents acutely with fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and uremia. In contrast, CKD is associated with long-term complications such as anemia, mineral and bone disorders, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic acidosis. This shows that each of these two has its own complications.

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