Respond Below Post Question & Answer Guide (With Explanation)
This question tests key academic concepts commonly covered in coursework.
What This Question Is About
This question relates to respond below post and requires a structured academic response.
How to Approach This Question
Start by identifying the main issue, then apply relevant academic frameworks.
Key Explanation
This topic involves respond below post. A strong answer should include explanation, application, and examples.
Original Question
Respond to the below post, which identifies a challenging topic, and offer an example to illustrate that topic in a way that might help address the challenge. Also, could you note what you learned and/or any insights you gained due to the comments made in the post? The topic that I found both very interesting and challenging was the field of pharmacogenomics. I understand the reasoning behind wanting to study the individualization of drug therapy through genetic testing to provide personalized treatment options and hopefully avoid the trial-and-error process as much as possible (Namerow et al., 2020). Drug metabolism, transport, and action are all susceptible to genetic variation. What I find challenging is remembering which enzymes and codes are responsible for which action. For example, the genes that code for the enzymes to metabolize medications are pharmacokinetic (PK), and the genes that code for the proteins that are the target of mediation activity are known as pharmacodynamic (PD) (Namerow et al., 2020). Then, because of the high genetic variability of these genetic markers within the general population, variations in the DNA sequence in the genes that convert these targets indicate potential vulnerabilities in the drug impact but do not designate an absolute outcome (Namerow et al., 2020). Considerations also have to be made when prescribing medication for children and adolescents due to developmental changes. The other part of the challenge is understanding the role of pharmacogenomic (PGX) in clinical care. The outcome of most studies may be interpreted as the following: some medications will work for patients, and some drugs should be avoided. However, Namerow et al. (2020) indicate that this may influence how a provider may prescribe medication for their patient and possibly cause the provider to divert from best evidence practices. This is where having the knowledge and awareness of studies on PK genes and PD genes can help guide the decision-making process of prescribing medication and possibly avoiding the process of trial and error. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry established practice parameters to guide child and adolescent care in clinical practice, publishing more than 50 practice parameters labeled clinical standard or clinical opinion (Suk et al., 2021). As more studies are accomplished and evidence-based information becomes available, the challenges of the best practice, the best standard, and for whom may grow. In residency, I would love to discuss further the challenges and what the appropriate responses are when providers have so much information on treatment options but might not interpret the data correctly or how organizations choose which guidelines or options per se are accepted. References Namerow, L. B., Walker, S. A., Loftus, M., Bishop, J. R., Ruaño G., & Malik, S. (2020). Pharmacogenomics: An update for child and adolescent psychiatry. Links to an external site.Links to an external site. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(5), 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01145-4 Suk, J.-W., Soltis-Vaughan, B., Mahato, K., & Hwang, S. (2021). Practical and ethical issues in pediatric psychopharmacology: Introductory considerations. Links to an external site.Links to an external site. Psychiatric Annals, 51(10), 450-458. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20210913-01
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