When Carbon Dioxide Explained for Students (Easy Guide)

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Original Question

1. When carbon dioxide enters the blood, 70% of it is carried as: Dissolved in the plasma Bound to hemoglobin Carbonic acid Bicarbonate ion 2. When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract: Pressure in the lungs increases Pressure in the lungs decreases The parasympathetic NS is inactivated Air moves out of the lungs 3. Boyle’s law says that when gases are held in a container, they will take up the whole space and exert pressure onto the walls of the container. If the container space decreases in size, then: There is no pressure change. Pressure that the gases exerts on the walls of the container will decrease. Pressure that the gases exerts on the walls of the container will increase. It stimulates the phrenic nerve to fire. 4. The surface of the lung adheres to the body cavity wall because of the surface tension between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura (the two membranes in the cavity). Therefore, when the diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity expands, the lungs: Do not change in volume Recoil, decreasing their volume Expand, increasing their volume 5. When the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the pressure of the thoracic cavity therefore decreases, Air doesn’t move in or out of the lungs. Air moves down its pressure gradient, into the lungs. Air moves up its pressure gradient, out of the lungs. Air moves down its pressure gradient, out of the lungs. 6. When the phrenic nerve and the intercostal nerve stop firing the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles relax. The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases by: 350 mls in a healthy person 250 mls in a healthy person 500 mls in a healthy person The volume does not decrease 7. When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, what kind of pressure develops in the thoracic cavity? Positive respiratory pressure Zero respiratory pressure Negative respiratory pressure Atmospheric pressure 8. Air moves into the lungs as it follows its pressure gradient from high pressure to the area of lower pressure. Oxygen crosses the respiratory membrane and enters the blood because: It follows its partial pressure gradient from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. It moves across the membrane from an area of lower partial pressure to an area of higher partial pressure. It moves across the membrane because of a CO2 levels are higher in the blood. The concentration of H+ is high in the blood, attracting O2. 9. What is the main way that oxygen is transported in the blood? It binds to the globin of the hemoglobin molecule. It can’t be transported in the blood because it is non-polar. It binds with water to form carbonic acid. It binds to the iron in the hemoglobin molecule. 10. When the blood arrives at the tissues, what causes hemoglobin to release oxygen? H+ binding to hemoglobin weakens the bond with oxygen All of these are correct. CO2 binding to the hemoglobin weakens the bond with oxygen Heat given off from cellular respiration in the tissues weakens the bond with oxygen. 11. Once oxygen is released from hemoglobin, what is the mechanism that causes it to move from the blood capillary into the cells? All of these are correct. Oxygen moves from the area of high partial pressure to the area of lower partial pressure. The cells use up all their oxygen during cellular respiration, so there is a very low partial pressure of oxygen in cells. There is a high partial pressure of oxygen in the capillary. 12. Carbon dioxide is produced in cells during this reaction: (choose the best answer). It is a waste product of making protein Cellular respiration to produce ATP It is a waste product of breaking down toxins that enter the body. Cellular respiration to produce glucose. 13. Carbon dioxide has high partial pressure in the cells and lower in the blood capillaries that are coming into the tissues/cells. It diffuses into the blood, down its partial pressure gradient. Then, most of it does this: It binds to H+ to be carried back to the lungs. Diffuses into the blood, into the red blood cell, and is carried as CO2 in the red blood cell back to the lungs. It binds to bicarbonate to be carried back to the lungs. Diffuses into the blood, into the red blood cell, binds with water to form carbonic acid which breaks apart into H+ and HCO3-. 14. This reaction occurs: CO2 + H2O —–> H2CO3 ——> H+ +. HCO3- In the lymph In the capillary bed of the tissues In the intersticial fluid In the lungs 15. This reaction occurs: HCO3- + H+ ——> H2CO3 ——> CO2 + H2O In the lungs In the lymph In the tissues In the. interstitial fluid

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