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Measurement and bivariate analyses (Chi-square, T test, & ANOVA) The Luo et al (2013) article would provide useful information for this project. The unit of analysis is local health department (LHD). Please note: Your results should be slightly different from the results in Table 1in the article since the survey design variables/codes are not applied in the analyses for this exercise. Please complete the following questions (Please attach SPSS outputs to your submission. You may send the SPSS output in a separate file): Level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio), 1. At which level of measurement is the variable “pop” measured? And how is the variable “popcat” measured? (Note: “popcat” is recoded from “pop”). 2.The three outcome variables (i.e., dependent variables) are “medicalcat3”, “dentalcat3” and “behavioralcat3”. How are they measured? T test & Chi-square test 3. Use “medicalcat3” as the dependent variable: 3.1. What is the average number of years of tenure (variable “tenure), average per capita public health expenditure (variable “pc_exp”), and average per capita FTEs (variable “pc_fte”) between those LHDs that conducted activities to assure access to medical care (variable “medicalcat3”) and those that did not? Are the differences statistically significant (p<0.05)? (Hint: use Independent T test). 3.2. Are LHDs that conducted community health assessment (variable "assessment"), experienced budget cut (variable "budgetcut") more likely to conduct activities to assure access to medical care (variable "medicalcat3")? Are the differences statistically significant(p<0.05)? (Hint: using Cross-tabs [i.e., Chi-square test] and compare the percentages) 4. Use "dentalcat3"" as the dependent variable: 4.1. What is the average number of years of tenure (variable "tenure), average per capita public health expenditure (variable "pc_exp"), and average per capita FTEs (variable "pc_fte") between those LHDs that conducted activities to assure access to dental care (variable dentalcat3) and those that did not? Are the differences statistically significant(p<0.05)? (Hint: use Independent T test). 4.2. Are LHDs that conducted community health assessment (variable "assessment"), experienced budget cut (variable "budgetcut") more likely to conduct activities to assure access to dental care (variable dentalcat3)? Are the differences statistically significant(p<0.05)? (Hint: using Cross-tabs [i.e., chi-square test] and compare the percentages) 5. Present the results from Questions 3 & 4 above in a table (I have provided an Excel mock table) and identify significance level using appropriate notations (see Table 1 in the article). ANOVA test ANOVA test is used to compare the means for three or more groups. In the questions above, you have used independent T test when you are comparing two groups (e.g., LHDs that conducted activities to assure access to medical care [Yes] vs. LHDs that did not [No]). 6. What is the mean per capita expenditure (variable "pc_exp") among LHDs of different jurisdiction types (variable "juris". It has three categories)? Which type of jurisdiction LHDs have the highest per capita expenditure? Is the difference among them statistically significant(p<0.05)? Image transcription text Local Health Department Activities to Ensure Access to Care Huabin Luo, PhD, Sergey Sotnikov, PhD, Gulzar Shah, PhD Background: Local health depart... Show more Image transcription text Luo et al / Am J Prev Med 2013;45(6):720-727 721 health insurance coverage through Medicaid expansion, new health insurance exchanges, and health insu... Show more Image transcription text 722 Luo et al / Am J Prev Med 2013;45(6):720-727 The first four community variables came from ARF and were 80 measured at the county level. For LHDs ... Show more Image transcription text Luo et al / Am J Prev Med 2013;45(6):720-727 723 Table 1. Characteristics of LHDs that ensure access to medical, dental, and behavioral health care, % unless ... Show more Image transcription text 724 Luo et al / Am J Prev Med 2013;45(6):720-727 Table 1. Characteristics of LHDs that ensure access to medical, dental, and behavioral health care, % unless ... Show more Image transcription text Luo et al / Am J Prev Med 2013;45(6):720-727 725 Table 2. Factors associated with LHDs' activities to ensure access to medical, dental, and behav... Show more Image transcription text 726 Luo et al / Am J Prev Med 2013;45(6):720-727 Table 2. Factors associated with LHDs' activities to ensure access to medical, dental, and behav... Show more Image transcription text Luo et al / Am J Prev Med 2013;45(6):720-727 727 quality and optimal scope of LHD activities aimed at 16. IOM. Transforming the public health system: what... Show more

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