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Hi tutor, can you review my proposal and give me feedback based on these instructions. Please let me know if it is ready to be submitted. Based on “1: A. background of proposal, specific aims and hypotheses. B. methodology, measures, and analysis (data plan); and C. a statement about how award money will be beneficial to the success of the research (i.e., tell us how the money will be applied to the project). AND 2. A budget and timeline (state the anticipated time period for utilization of the award funds).” Here it is: “A. Background, Research Aims & Hypotheses Housing instability affects thousands of Americans nationwide, and it encompasses challenges in maintaining stable housing to experiencing complete homelessness. Chronic housing instability disproportionately affects individuals with disabling conditions, such as traumatic brain injuries (TBI) (Frederick et al., 2014; Laurie, 2022; McDevitt, 2022). TBIs are prevalent among those experiencing housing instability, with a lifetime prevalence of 53.1% in these groups compared to 12% in the general TBI population (Stubbs et al., 2020; Frost et al., 2013). Given high rates of TBI among those who experience unstable housing, it may be beneficial to identify factors that predict housing instability among those with TBI so that additional supports can be provided to those who are most at risk for poor outcomes. One factor that may play a crucial role is socioeconomic status (SES). SES encompasses multiple factors, which include one’s employment status, income level, educational level, family structure, neighborhood quality, and social welfare, which can significantly influence TBI recovery and housing outcomes. Low SES has been associated with worse functional, cognitive, and vocational outcomes and high mortality post-TBI (Venturini et al., 2024). Despite this, there has yet to be a comprehensive examination of these multifaceted SES components, especially when it is examining how pre-injury SES can lead to one major outcome, post-injury housing instability. In addition, this study will explore neuropsychological aspects by examining how brain‐behavior relationships impact recovery and functional outcomes post-TBI. This research proposal will address this critical gap via the following aims: Aim 1: Examine the relationship between pre-injury SES and post-injury housing instability among TBI survivors. [Hypothesis 1: Lower pre-injury SES will predict greater housing instability post-TBI.] Aim 2 (Exploratory): Evaluate the relationship between age, race/ethnicity, and sex with a focus on identifying gender-specific differences, and post-injury housing instability outcomes among TBI survivors. [Hypothesis 2: Differences in rates of housing instability will be observed among those of different ages, races, and among males and females]. B. Methods and Analysis Study Design: This study will utilize data from TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) which includes data on over 3,000 participants with a TBI history. These data will be linked to the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), via participant zip code. The DCI was selected, because it is a pre-validated, comprehensive, and standardized measure for calculating neighborhood SES, which includes unemployment, education level, poverty rate, median income, business establishments, job growth, and housing vacancies. It is a well-recognized SES measure used in a variety of fields (e.g., DCI, 2024; Ferrell et al., 2022; Hawkins et al., 2019; Jensen et al., 2020; Mehaffey et al., 2020). This proposal is novel in its utilization of two well-known national datasets, the Distressed Communities Index and the TBI Model Systems database, to examine potential pre-injury socioeconomic influences, contributing new knowledge to the literature on housing instability among TBI survivors. Participants: Inclusion Criteria: Individuals aged 16+ with a history of TBI of any severity and enrolled in the TBIMS. Exclusion Criteria: Individuals in correctional institutions, hospitals, and inpatient mental health/substance use treatment facilities due to their actual housing status being undetermined. Data Sources and Measures: Primary outcome of interest: Post-injury housing instability (stable vs unstable) Primary predictor of interest: Pre-injury SES (measured using DCI metrics) Covariates: Demographic factors (i.e. age, race/ethnicity, and sex) and TBI characteristics (i.e. injury severity and cause), and prior housing instability. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics to summarize key variables, followed by logistic regression analyses, will be ran to assess relationships between pre-injury SES and housing instability. In addition, chi-squared tests will explore demographic differences between those with stable and unstable post-injury housing. C. Use of Fellowship Funds This fellowship will provide the resources needed for my research by supporting my ability to disseminate study findings. I plan to allocate this funding to cover travel and accommodation expenses to attend several professional and academic conferences this year (i.e. poster print out costs, registration fee, transportation and hotel costs). One important conference I would like to attend is the 15th Annual TBI conference. However, the cost to attend is prohibitive, as the registration fee alone is $575. Between the registration, travel, and hotel expenses, I anticipate this conference will cost $2,140. Through this research dissemination, I can gain valuable feedback that will significantly enhance the quality and impact of my research and its real-world application for TBI survivors. In addition, the opportunity to present my thesis research allows me to engage with fellow academic researchers, and to network with medical professionals and clinicians, who work closely with the TBI population as well as the policy makers and caregivers of TBI survivors. Personal Motivation: My interest in housing instability was first sparked when I worked as a caregiver on the inpatient units at a VA hospital in my hometown of Pittsburgh. I witnessed the critical housing issues veterans face. These challenges were often compounded by complex, health comorbidities, such as substance abuse, psychosis, and brain injuries. My past work experience has served as a catalyst for my shift toward research and has shaped my research interests ever since. Aligned with Emily Reid O’Connor’s passion for neuropsychological research on traumatic brain injury, my thesis research can help to contribute to a deeper understanding of the issues that many TBI survivors face, which is central to the spirit of this memorial fellowship. Budget & Timeline: The anticipated budget for attending the 15th TBI Annual Conference, along with Drexel’s school conferences, the 2025 Drexel Emerging Graduate Scholars (DEGS) and Drexel’s Research Day conferences are outlined below. 15th TBI Annual Conference Dates: May 5: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM May 6: 7:00 AM – 3:30 PM Registration Fee: $575 Travel Expenses (May 4 – May 7): Amtrak (taxes included): $200 Hotel (taxes included): $1,365 Standard Poster Size (36″ X 48″ for $4 sq ft/12 sq ft X $4) Printing Fee: $48 2025 DEGS Conference Dates: May 7th & 8th (12:00AM-12:00AM) Standard Poster Size (36″ X 48″ for $4 sq ft/ 12 sq ft X $4) Printing Fee: $48 Drexel’s Research Day Conference Date: May 29, 12:30 PM – 5:30 PM Standard Poster Size (36″ X 48” for $4 sq ft/ 12 sq ft X $4) Printing Fee: $48 Total Estimated Expenses: $2,284 Thank you very much for the opportunity to apply for this fellowship! “

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